家庭灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的经皮风险评价

Dermal Risk Assessment of PAEs Contained in Household Dust

为了调查中国城市家庭灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)的浓度,该研究收集了成都市20个家庭冬季和夏季的家庭灰尘样本,分析了PAEs的浓度水平,并考虑表皮膜液对皮肤渗透可得性的影响,进行人体健康风险评价。结果表明,冬季家庭灰尘中PAEs的浓度为128.41~2552.08μg/g,中位数991.17μg/g,夏季为67.19~2189.85μg/g,中位数887.02μg/g,冬季浓度高于夏季。DIBP、DBP和DEHP是最主要的3种化合物,总贡献超过了99%。同等孵育条件下,家庭灰尘中PAEs的皮肤渗透可得性平均值范围为71.38%~79.72%。健康风险评价显示,成人和儿童对PAEs的日均皮肤暴露量范围分别为2.26~400.10 ng/(kg·d)(每kg体重计,下同)和20.47~3623.57 ng/(kg·d),DEHP、DBP和DIBP的暴露量依次下降。儿童的平均皮肤暴露量约是成人的10倍,说明儿童的皮肤暴露剂量和健康风险都高于成人。儿童的皮肤暴露量占总暴露量比例较低,意味着儿童可能通过其他方式摄入了较多的PAEs,需要引起人们注意。成人和儿童基于日均皮肤暴露量95%值的危险指数分别为6.98×10^(-2)和0.28,均小于1,人体健康风险较低。

In this study,household dust samples from 20 families in Chengdu City in winter and summer were collected and the concentrations of phthalic acid esters(PAEs)contained in the dust analyzed.Furthermore,the human health risk assessment was performed taking into consideration of the influence of skin surface film liquid on dermal penetration accessibility.Results of the house dust monitoring showed that the concentration of PAEs in house dust in winter was 128.41~2552.08μg/g,with a median of 991.17μg/g,and 67.19~2189.85μg/g in summer,with a median of 887.02μg/g,so in general the concentration in winter was higher than that in summer;and of PAEs,DIBP,DBP and DEHP were the three most prominent compounds,with more than 99%total risk contribution.The average value of dermal penetration accessibility of PAEs in indoor dust under the similar incubation condition ranged from 71.38%to 79.72%.The health risk assessment suggested that the daily dermal exposure to PAEs ranged from 2.26~400.10 ng/(kg-BW·d)for adults,and 20.47~3623.57 ng/(kg-BW·d)for childre;the exposure dose of DEHP,DBP and DIBP decreased successively;and the average dermal exposure dose of children was about10 times that of adults,indicating that children’s dermal exposure dose and health risk was higher than adults’.On the other hand,the lower percentage of children’s dermal exposure to total exposure suggested that children maybe uptake more PAEs through other means,so attentions should be paid to the phenomenon.In addition,the hazard index for adults and children based on the 95%-value of daily dermal exposure dose was 6.98×10^(-2) and 0.28,respectively,both less than 1.0,being a low risk level to human health.