中、美、欧一流大学职能履行差异及影响因素分析

An analysis of differences and influencing factors in function performance of first-class universities in China,the United States and Europe

世界一流大学并非“千校一面”,不同大学身处不同的社会环境,有着不同的结构特征,因此在履行各项职能上各有所长、有所差异。从职能视角出发,本研究对50位来自世界各地的大学校领导、学者和专家开展了访谈,探索了中国、美国和欧洲世界一流大学在履行职能上的差异及相关影响因素。结果显示,中国、美国和欧洲一流大学在履行人才培养、科学研究和社会服务职能上存在差异,侧面反映了世界一流大学存在的组织同质异形现象。受历史文化、经济政治、大学管理架构等多重因素影响,世界一流大学面临着竞争性、制度性、强制性、规范性和模仿性压力。世界一流大学并不存在“专门模式”或“西方模式”,真正的世界一流大学应该是东西方世界最佳特质的创造性融合。

Different world-class universities are in different social environments,with different structural characteristics,and have their own strengths and differences in performing various functions.From the perspective of functions,this study interviews 50 university leaders,scholars and experts from all over the world to explore differences and influencing factors in function performance of world-class universities in China,the United States and Europe.The results show that first-class universities in China,the United States and Europe have differences in performing functions of talent training,scientific research and social service,which reflects the phenomenon of organizational allomorphism in world-class universities.Affected by historical and cultural,economic and political,and university management structure factors,world-class universities are facing competitive,institutional,coercive,normative and mimetic pressures.There is no"special model"or"Western model"in world-class universities,and a real world-class university should be creative integration of best characteristics of the East and the West.