同源四倍体‘五月慢’的诱导鉴定

Induction and identification of autotetraploid‘Wuyueman’

以二倍体不结球白菜‘五月慢’为材料,用质量浓度为0.2%的秋水仙素溶液对植株幼苗生长点进行四倍体诱导,并利用形态学、细胞学等方法进行鉴定。结果表明:‘五月慢’四倍体植株叶片、花、种荚、种子等均表现出“巨大性”,且叶片颜色较深;‘五月慢’四倍体植株根尖染色体数目为40条,是二倍体植株的两倍;流式细胞仪鉴定结果显示,二倍体‘五月慢’DNA相对含量约为70,而四倍体‘五月慢’的DNA相对含量约为140;相较于二倍体植株,四倍体‘五月慢’的可溶性蛋白含量、花青苷含量提高了43.94%、37.08%,硝态氮含量、纤维素含量下降了24.03%、31.84%;四倍体‘五月慢’束腰更加明显,叶长、柄长与开展度变小,呈紧凑偏矮的株型特征。本研究可为培育不结球白菜的新种质提供技术方法与科学依据。

The diploid‘Wuyueman’was used as the material,and tetraploid induction was conducted using 0.2%colchicine solution and identified by morphological and cytological methods.The results showed that the leaves,flowers,floral organs,seed pods and seeds of autotetraploid‘Wuyueman’showed“greatness”,and the leaves color was darker.The chromosome number of autotetraploid‘Wuyueman’was 40,which was twice of the diploid plantlets.Flow cytometry analysis showed the relative content of DNA in diploid‘Wuyueman’was about 70,and about 140 in autotetraploid;Compared with diploid plantlets,the soluble protein content and anthocyanin content of autotetraploid improved by 43.94%and 37.08%,respectively,nitrate nitrogen content and cellulose content significantly decreased by 24.03%and 31.84%,respectively.The autotetraploid plant waist was more obvious,the leaf length,stem length and crown width became smaller and exhibited a compact,short plant type feature.This study could provide technical method and scientific basis for cultivating new non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm.