北京市8~14岁学生饮料摄入行为影响因素分析

Factors influencing beverage intake behavior among students aged 8-14 years in Beijing

目的分析北京市学生饮料摄入行为的影响因素,为开展减糖教育提供思路。方法以2015年北京市中小学生营养与健康状况监测中的1912名学生(8~14岁)作为研究对象。通过零食饮料消费问卷收集社会人口学信息、学生饮料行为、家庭零食饮料相关因素、营养成分表认知使用情况等,测量学生身高、体重,计算BMI。结果233名(12.2%)学生在调查前一周未摄入饮料;在摄入饮料的1679名(87.8%)学生中,日均饮料摄入量为(319.8±364.4)ml/d(中位数201.4 ml/d)。二元logistic回归显示,学生零食频率增加、营养成分表得分及家庭零食饮料占食物总花费比例增加,其摄入饮料的可能性提高(OR值分别为1.63、1.23、2.18,P值均<0.05)。多元线性回归显示,男生、郊区学生容易摄入更多饮料(β值分别为0.18、0.19,P值均<0.05);年龄越大、BMI越大、学生零食频率越高、家庭零食饮料花费占比越大、主要照护者上周摄入饮料次数越多者,学生饮料摄入量越高(β值分别为0.09、0.01、0.24、0.39、0.04,P值均<0.05);主要照护者受教育程度较高者,学生饮料摄入量较低(β=-0.29,P<0.05)。结论北京市学生减糖教育的重点关注对象应为年长、男生、郊区、主要看护人文化程度低以及BMI高者,降低家长饮料消费频率、减少家庭零食饮料方面的花费、降低学生零食频率等是可能的干预点。

Objective To explore the factors affecting beverage consumption among students in Beijing,and to provide ideas for the development of sugar reduction education.Methods Data were collected from 1,912 students aged 8-14 years who participated in the Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Schoolchildren in Beijing in 2015.A snack and beverage consumption questionnaire was administered to the children and their corresponding caregivers to collect information about demography,beverage consumption of the children,factors related to family snack and beverage consumption,and the awareness and utilization of the nutritional composition table.In addition,height and weight of the children were measured,and the body mass index(BMI)was calculated.Results Two hundred and thirty-three(12.2%)enrolled children did not consume any beverage in the week before the survey.The average daily consumption of beverages was(319.8±364.4)ml/d(with the median of 201.4 ml/d)among the rest 1,679 children(87.8%)who consumed beverages.Binary logistic regression showed that children with more snack frequency,better awareness and utilization of nutritional composition table,and from families whose snacks and beverages accounted for a larger proportion of the total food cost were more likely to consume beverages(OR=1.63,OR=1.23,OR=2.18;all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression displayed that boys and suburban children were more likely to consume more beverages(β=0.18,β=0.19;both P<0.05).Children with older age,higher BMI,a higher consumption frequency of snacks,from families whose snacks and beverages accounted for a larger proportion of the total food cost,and having more frequent beverage consumption of primary caregivers during the past week had more consumption of beverages(β=0.09,β=0.01,β=0.24,β=0.39,β=0.04;all P<0.05).Primary caregivers with a higher level of education contributed to less consumption of beverages in children(β=-0.29,P<0.05).Conclusion While implementing sugar reduction education in schoolchildren in Beijing,we should focus on students with older age,boys,suburban students,students with a low education level of caregiver and higher BMI.Potential intervention measures include reducing the parents’consumption frequency of beverages,decreasing the cost of family snacks and beverages,and reducing the students’consumption frequency of snacks.