实心实理,易简而通——论元代理学家胡炳文的思想特色

True Mind and True Principle, Simple for Connection——On the Characteristics of HU Bingwen’s Thought

元代理学家胡炳文全部理论的最终目标是引导人们在纷乱的世界中保持自我以实现安身立命。他认为,任何脱离实用的思辨都是应该被抛弃的空虚之学,并由此提出“实气”“实理”“实心”“实事”。他强调心为本体、心理合一,将人在社会中的各种行为都视为人心的发用,又将行事的评判权收归于人心,使人的主体性大大增强。为了克服元初朱子学繁琐与支离的弊病,胡炳文对宋代理学中的各种范畴加以整合,力求贯通形而上下,提倡得意忘言、通而不滞,使思想变得更加简易实用。

The ultimate goal of all the theories of Hu Bingwen, a philosopher of the Yuan Dynasty, is to guide people to maintain themselves in the chaotic world so as to achieve a peaceful life.In his view, any ideology divorced from practical use is empty learning that should be abandoned.So HU Bingwen put forward “True substance”,“True Principle”,“True Mind” and “True Thing”.He emphasized that the mind is the noumenon and the unity of mind and principle.He regarded all kinds of human behaviors in the society as the effects of mind, and ascribed the right of judgment to mind, which greatly enhanced the subjectivity of human beings.In order to overcome the shortcomings of the complicated and fragmented study of Zhu Zi in the early Yuan Dynasty, HU Bingwen integrated various categories of neo-confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and tried to connect principle and material force.He advocated that we should read the classic works of Confucianist for meaning rather than words.Only in this way can thoughts become more simple and practical.