从回应到标示:当代代表理论的转向及其反思

From Responsive Representation to Indicative Representation:The Turn in Contemporary Representation Theory and Its Reflection

当代共和主义的代表人物佩蒂特对“标示性代表”与“回应性代表”的区分,启发我们重新认识诸种非选举式代表的价值,也应和了当代代表理论对回应性代表的反思与批判。但遗憾的是,他并未就不同类型的标示性代表的内在逻辑予以更进一步的分析。正是选举式的回应性代表内在具有的同一性和差异性原则之间的张力,在很大程度上型塑了对其的挑战,也导向了两种截然不同甚至针锋相对的标示性代表:描述性代表与贤能代表。基于此种预设,围绕选举式代表在同一性和差异性两个维度分别受到的挑战,通过对描述性代表与贤能代表这两种当代主要的标示性代表予以梳理和分析,并在剖析其优势和局限的基础上,可尝试探讨“回应性代表与标示性代表的关系”“回应性代表的可能价值”等问题。

The distinction between “indicative representation” and “responsive representation” by Pettit,a representative of contemporary republicanism,inspires us to re-understand the value of various non-electoral representations,and echoes those reflections on and critiques of responsive representation in contemporary representative theory.Regrettably,he did not further analyze the internal logic of different types of indicative representation.This article believes that it is the tension between the principle of identity and difference inherent in electoral responsive representation that has shaped the challenge to a large extent,and has also led to two distinct and even opposing types of indicative representation:Descriptive representation and Meritocratic representation.Based on this presupposition,this article focuses on the challenges faced by electoral representation in two dimensions of identity and difference,combs and analyzes the two main contemporary indicative representations which include descriptive representation and meritocratic representation.On the basis of the analysis of their strengths and limitations,this article attempts to explore the issues such as “the relationship between responsive representation and indicative representation” and “the possible value of responsive representation” etc.