铁路隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术

Key Design Technologies for Mechanized Construction of Railway Tunnels by Drilling and Blasting Method

隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法是以全工序高效率大型机械配套为基础,用以解决复杂山区长大山岭隧道安全、优质、高效及经济等施工问题的一种技术方法。文章从隧道设计角度论述了钻爆法机械化修建面临的掌子面安全控制与洞身段变形控制两大关键挑战,并总结了以机械化全断面全地质型施工技术、掌子面稳定性评价方法、掌子面超前主动支护技术、掌子面超前支护“定量化”精准设计技术、低预应力锚杆主动支护技术、早高强喷混凝土主动支护技术、初期支护快速成环封闭技术、围岩形变压力计算方法等为核心的隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术,为推广应用隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法提供技术支撑。

As a technical method,the mechanized construction of D&B tunnels,which is based on the matching of high-efficiency large-scale machinery in full process,is intended to solve various construction problems of long and large mountain tunnels in complex mountainous areas with the goal of safety,quality,efficiency and economy.This paper discusses the two key challenges faced by mechanized construction of tunnels by drilling and blasting method,i.e.safety control of the tunnel face and deformation control of the tunnel body from the perspective of the design,and summarizes the key design technologies for mechanized construction of tunnels by drilling and blasting method,including the full-face mechanized construction technology in various geological conditions,the assessment method of tunnel face stability,the active advance support technology of tunnel face,the"quantified"accurate design tech⁃nology of active advance support,the active support technology with low prestressed anchor bolts,the active support technology with early high-strength shotcrete,the fast-closing technology of primary support ring,and the calcula⁃tion method for deformation pressure of surrounding rocks,which can provide technical supports for the promotion and application of mechanized construction method in D&B tunnels.