毫米波高频段无线能量传输技术发展及其空间应用研究初步设想

The development and space application of millimeter-wave power transmission

随着我国航天事业的发展,空间任务也越来越复杂,能源供给是航天器面临的首要共性问题,航天器间的无线能量传输也显得愈发重要。由于航天器在体积重量和功耗上的限制,为了保证有效的无线能量传输,需要采用毫米波高频段,同时还要解决如何在有限的发射功率和发射天线口径情况下提高接收功率等技术难题。在回顾毫米波高频段无线能量传输技术发展的基础上,提出探索基于慢衰减电磁波产生和准无衍射波束形成的远距离时空聚焦微波能量传输理论与方法,并开展毫米波高频段整流器件建模研究和高效整流天线集成设计工作,建立航天器间毫米波无线能量传输缩比简化原理验证系统的研究设想,有望为航天器间无线能量传输效率提升提供技术基础和技术途径,也将推动无线能量传输在无人机无线输能、地面特殊场合供电等远距离无线输能应用系统的发展。

With the development of our country’s space industry,the space missions have become more and more complicated.Energy supply is the primary common problem faced by spacecrafts,and the wireless power transmission between spacecrafts has become increasingly important.Due to the limitations of spacecraft in terms of volume,weight and power consumption,the operating frequency of WPT must be selected in the millimeter wave band.Furthermore,technical problems such as how to increase the received power under the condition of limited transmitting power and antenna aperture must be solved.Based on reviewing the development of millimeter-wave wireless power transmission technology,this paper proposes to explore the theory and method of long-distance time-space focused microwave energy transmission,conduct research on millimeter-wave rectifying device modeling and rectenna design.The research work is expected to provide a technical foundation and technical way to improve the efficiency of wireless power transmission between spacecrafts and in other applications.