关系化用工:农业规模经营的社会基础

Relational Labor:The Social Foundation of Agricultural Scale Operation

农业规模经营是中国乡村振兴进程中的关键议题。农业规模经营在快速发展的同时也呈现出用工效益的差异,从而使一些规模农业经营主体陷入困境。采用嵌入性视角探讨农业规模经营中用工模式嵌入社会关系的逻辑及其影响。研究发现,农业规模经营陷入困境的主要原因在于市场化用工无法有效解决农业规模经营中的劳动监督问题。而将市场规则嵌入关系规则的关系化用工使得雇佣双方产生了利他倾向,进而在很大程度上调动了工人内在的劳动积极性,从而使农业规模经营主体摆脱经营失败困境。关系化用工的实现依赖于农业规模经营主体在用工选择、生产管理和日常生活中充分发挥社会关系的积极作用,但社会关系范围和程度都是有限度的。因此,农业规模经营的健康发展不仅需要处理好经济关系,而且需要处理好社会关系。

Agricultural scale operation is a key issue in the process of rural revitalization in China.While China’s agricultural scale operation is developing rapidly,it also presents a complicated picture.In view of the complexity of China’s agricultural scale operation,this article attempts to explore the logic and influence of employment patterns embedded in social relations in agricultural scale operation from the perspective of embeddedness.The study found that the main reason for the difficulty of large-scale agricultural operations is that market-based labor cannot effectively solve the labor supervision problem in large-scale agricultural operations,and the relational labor that embeds market rules into relational rules makes both employers and employees have altruistic tendencies,to a certain extent,to mobilize the inner labor enthusiasm of workers,so that the main body of agricultural scale operation can avoid the predicament of business failure.The realization of relational employment depends on the main body of agricultural scale operation in the employment selection,production management and daily life to give full play to the positive role of social relations.However,due to the characteristics of social relations,the scope and extent of the role of relational employment are limited.Therefore,the healthy development of agricultural scale operation requires not only dealing with economic relations,but also dealing with social relations.