新能源汽车安全事故的原因和召回政策研究

Research on the causes of safety accident and recall policy of new energy vehicles

目前,在碳中和、碳达峰的国内外形势下,新能源的发展和利用成为了至关重要的一步,而以锂离子电池为动力的新能源汽车正顺应了社会的发展需求,成为汽车行业的新起之秀。新能源汽车除了不产生温室气体CO_(2)外,还有加速快、噪音小等诸多优势,2020年中国新能源汽车销售量达到136.7万辆,占全球销量的41%。尽管如此,随之而来的各种安全事故,如起火,爆炸等,也动摇了人们对新能源汽车的信心。因此新能源汽车安全事故的原因分析和召回政策的研究至关重要:通过分析事故原因,可以减少或者避免后期同类型事故发生;通过分析召回政策,可以减少潜在事故对人身及财产安全的进一步损害。本文归纳了2018年到2020年国内新能源汽车起火爆炸的原因,通过分析这3年新能源汽车因电池缺陷而召回的事件及相关法律文件,总结了缺陷汽车召回过程存在的障碍与问题,并提出了规范汽车召回应该采取的更合理的措施。

At present,under the situation of carbon neutrality and carbon peak at domestic and abroad,the development and utilization of new energy has become a crucial step,and the new energy vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries are conforming to the development needs of the society,which become a new show in the automobile industry.In addition to not producing greenhouse gas CO_(2),new energy vehicles have many advantages such as fast acceleration and low noise.In 2020,the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China reached 1.367 million,accounting for 41%of the global sales volume.Nevertheless,the ensuing safety accidents,such as fire,explosion and so on,have shaken people’s confidence in new energy vehicles.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the causes of safety accidents of new energy vehicles and study the recall policy.By analyzing the causes of accidents,similar accidents can be reduced or avoided in the future.By analyzing the recall policy,we can reduce the further damage to personal and property safety caused by hidden accidents.This article summarizes the causes of fire and explosion of domestic new energy vehicles from 2018 to 2020.By analyzing the recall events of new energy vehicles due to battery defects and relevant legal documents in these three years,this article summarizes the obstacles and problems in the recall process of defective vehicles,and puts forward more reasonable measures to regulate vehicle recall.