城市双职工家庭职住空间类型与通勤效率研究——以昆明市主城区为例

Jobs-Housing Space Types and Commuting Efficiency of Urban Dual-earner Households:A Case Study of Kunming

居住与就业空间作为城市活动移动系统的基本组成要素,制约着个体日常出行的时空资源分配,并影响着居民的生活质量.既有职住空间探讨多以区域作为研究对象,较少考虑多就业者并存的家庭视角,且直接以职住距离衡量通勤效率,欠缺考虑行为结果背后活动决策维度.本文首先依据职住区位选择决策划分出三种双职工家庭职住空间模式,基于时间地理学的企划概念构建出家庭通勤效率测度方法;其次利用2016年昆明市居民出行调查数据分析不同职住空间模式差异;最后采用有序logistic回归模型探究不同职住空间模式通勤效率影响因素.结果表明:高收入及郊区家庭易形成强空间制约与低通勤效率的职住空间模式;职住空间约束作用较小家庭的通勤链非工作活动更为灵活,弱空间制约下多成员协同决策的通勤效率更高;弱空间制约家庭的通勤效率易受收入和工作时长的影响,而强空间制约家庭的通勤效率易受居住区位和生命周期的制约;小汽车在缩短通勤时间的同时居民活动空间受到隔离,因而并不显著影响通勤效率.

Jobs-housing space is a fundamental component of the urban activity mobility system.It governs the distribution of space-time resources for daily travel of individuals and affects their quality of life.However,most of the existing studies on jobs-housing space take the area as the object and rarely consider the household perspective of multi-employer co-existence.In addition,the commuting efficiency is directly measured by the distance between work and residence so that the activity decision-making dimension behind the behavior results has not received sufficient attention.In order to fill the above gaps,this paper firstly divides three jobs-housing place patterns of dual earner households according to their decision-making of working and living location,and proposes the measurement method of family commuting efficiency based on the project concept of time geography.Secondly,using the data collected from 2016 Kunming resident travel survey,we analyzes the differences of different jobs-housing space patterns.Finally,the ordered logistic regression model is used to explore the influencing factors of commuting efficiency for different jobs-housing space patterns.The results show that high-income and suburban households are prone to form a jobs-housing space pattern with strong space constraints and low commuting efficiency.The spatial constraint effect of household jobs-housing space is reduced,and residents have more flexible non-work activity arrangements in the commuting chain and higher commuting efficiency.Households are less spatially constrained to the extent that non-work activities in the commuting chain are more flexible,ultimately leading to more efficient commuting with collaborative decision-making by multiple members.The commuting efficiency of households with weak spatial constraints is easily influenced by income and working hours,while the commuting efficiency of households with strong spatial constraints is easily constrained by residential location and life cycle.In addition,car does not significantly affect commuting efficiency,because it will not only shorten commuting time,but also aggravate the isolation of residents’ activity space.