溶质载体介导纳米药物载体跨越血脑屏障的研究进展

Research progress of solute carriers in mediating nanomedicine across the blood-brain barrier

血脑屏障作为大脑和体循环间的结构性屏障,阻止大分子和大多数小分子药物进入大脑,给中枢性疾病的治疗带来了困难。血脑屏障上高度表达有各类溶质载体如葡萄糖转运体、氨基酸转运体等,可以将各类营养物质转运进脑内。在纳米药物载体上修饰转运体对应的配体,携带药物通过转运体介导转运的方式跨越血脑屏障,可实现脑部药物的高效率递送,提高中枢类疾病的诊断灵敏度和治疗效果。本文综述了不同类型溶质载体介导脂质体、金属纳米颗粒、聚合物胶束和树状大分子等纳米制剂跨越血脑屏障用于脑部疾病的治疗,并探讨了该策略在未来应用方面所面临的机遇与挑战。

As a structural barrier between the brain and the systemic circulation,the blood-brain barrier prevents macromolecules and most small-molecule drugs from entering the brain,which make it difficuct to treat central diseases.Various solute carriers such as glucose transporters and amino acid transporters which can transport various nutrients into the brain,are highly expressed on the blood-brain barrier.The ligand corresponding to the transporter is modified on the nano-drug carrier,and the drug is carried across the bloodbrain barrier through transporter-mediated transport,which can achieve high-efficiency delivery of drugs to the brain and improve the diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic effect of central diseases.In this paper,we review different types of solute carriers to mediate nanoformulations such as liposomes,metal nanoparticles,polymer micelles and dendrimers across the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of brain diseases and discuss the opportunities and challenges of this strategy in future applications.