侵彻式月壤探测地面模拟试验研究

Ground Simulation Test of Penetrator for Lunar Soil Exploration

月面通常由细颗粒粉末状月壤覆盖,利用侵彻器可实现次表层月壤的探测。在侵彻器与月壤相互作用的过程中,为研究侵彻器结构及科学载荷缓冲结构的抗冲击性能、不同剖面组构的抗侵彻性与辨识性,以及侵彻后对月壤的扰动强弱,开展了100~260 m/s全尺寸侵彻器对3类月壤模拟样本的侵彻试验。试验结果表明,约3×10^(4) g过载下侵彻器结构完好,载荷运行正常;侵彻无硬层月壤模拟样本靶标时,滤波后侵彻器过载峰值约1000 g;侵彻月岩或水冰模拟样本靶标时,滤波后侵彻器过载峰值为无硬层月壤模拟样本靶标的5倍以上,弹载记录仪可对不同强度成层模拟样本靶标进行辨识;在弹道终点处,距侵彻器约20 mm范围内的颗粒类模拟样本靶标表现为扰动破碎,中值粒径最多降低约70%。可为探月四期探测工程探测器设计提供参考。

The lunar surface is mostly covered with fine-grained powdered regolith.Penetration tests are carried out on the full-scale penetrator penetrating at 100~260 m/s into three types of simulated lunar soil samples,to study the impact resistance of penetrator structure and scientific devices,the penetration resistance and identification of different cross-sectional structures,and the perturbation intensity after penetration.The test results show that the penetrator structure was intact and worked well under an overload of about 30000 g.When the penetrator penetrated the simulated sample target of lunar soil without hard layers,the peak value of the overload after filtering was about 1000 g.When the penetrator penetrated the simulated samples target of lunar rock or water-ice,the overload peak after filtering was more than five times that of lunar soil without hard layers.The missile-borne recorder could identify the layered samples of different strengths;at the end of the trajectory,the granular simulated sample target within about 20 mm from the penetrator showed disturbance and fragmentation,and the median granular size was reduced by about 70%at most.The lunar surface is usually covered by fine-grained powdered regolith and the penetrator can realize subsurface lunar soil detection.The results will provide the reference for the design of detectors in the fourth phase of lunar exploration project.