非物质文化遗产保护的主体与非物质文化遗产文化基因的保护

The Main Body of Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection and the Protection of Intangible Cultural Genes

自2001年昆曲入选联合国教科文组织“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作名录”以后,我国非物质文化遗产保护开始进入快车道。在由国家级、省级、市级、县级所建构的非遗代表性名录四级保护体系中,非遗项目得到了有组织的申报、保护和传承。在二十多年的非遗保护和传承过程中,对保护和传承的主体的认识经历了几个不同阶段的变化,在经历了传承人保护、项目保护、非遗生态保护和生产性保护后,非遗保护的主体已经不再仅仅局限于外部的形态,而进入了文化基因的保护阶段。

Since Kunqu Opera was selected into the UNESCO“Representative List of Human Oral and Intangible Heritage”in 2001,China began to enter the fast lane of intangible heritage protection.In the four-level protection system of the representative list of intangible cultural heritage composed of the national,provincial,municipal and county levels,intangible cultural heritage projects have been systematically declared,protected and inherited.In the process of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance for over 20 years,the main body of protection and inheritance presented various stages due to the changes of understanding.Following heritage protection,project protection,intangible cultural heritage ecological protection and productive protection,the main body of intangible cultural heritage protection is no longer limited to the external form,but has entered the stage of cultural gene protection.