心理资本训练对集训期新兵幸福感影响的比较研究

Effect of psychological capital interventions on well-being in new recruits during assembly training: a comparative study

目的 研究不同心理资本训练形式对集训期新兵幸福感的干预效果及差异。方法 采取整群抽样法抽取某新兵训练基地2021年3月入伍新兵99人,分成3组(8次团体干预组、1次团体干预组和对照组)。8次团体干预组接受连续4周,每周2次,每次2 h的心理资本团体干预;1次团体干预组在第4周接受3 h的1次团体干预;对照组不接受干预。使用积极心理资本问卷(Positive Psychological capital Questionnaire, PPQ)、生活满意度量表(Satisfaction With Life Scale, SWLS)、正负性情绪量表(The Positive and Negative Affect Scale, PANAS)、中文版心理幸福感量表(Chinese version for Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, RPWB)在干预前(T1)、干预结束时(T2)、干预结束后1个月(T3)对3组成员进行评估。结果 训练前3组人口统计学信息及各心理学指标差异均无统计学意义。①主观幸福感水平测量时间与训练分组的交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),8次团体干预组主观幸福感在T2、T3时均显著高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),1次干预组仅在T2时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);②心理幸福感水平测量时间与训练分组的交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),8次团体干预组心理幸福感水平在T2时显著高于对照组(P<0.01),1次组与对照组心理幸福感在T2、T3时差异均无统计学意义;③心理资本总分测量时间与训练分组的交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),8次团体干预组心理资本水平在T2、T3时均显著高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),1次干预组仅在T2时显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 集训期开展心理资本训练能显著增加新兵心理资本,提升其幸福感水平,且8次团体干预较1次团体干预效果更佳,维持时间更长。

Objective To compare the effects of 2 kinds of psychological capital intervention on well-being of new recruits during assembly training. Methods A total of 99 soldiers who were newly recruited in March 2021 were subjected by cluster sampling from an army unit. Then they were divided into 3 groups, that is, 8-time intervention group, 1-time intervention group and control group. The participants from the 8-time intervention group were given psychological capital group training for 8 times, twice a week, about 2 h per time, for 4 consecutive weeks. Those out of 1-time intervention group were given psychological capital group training in the 4 th week for 3 h. While the control group was blank control. Positive Psychological capital Questionnaire(PPQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale(SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS) and Chinese version for Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being(RPWB) were measured in all subjects before intervention(T1), after intervention(T2) and 1 month after intervention(T3). Results There were no significant differences in demographic data and psychological indicators in the 3 groups before intervention.①There were statistical significances in the interaction effect between measurement time for subjective well-being and different training groups(P<0.05). The 8-time intervention group showed significantly higher subjective well-being at T1 and T2 than the control group(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the 1-time intervention group only showed at T2(P<0.05).②Significant difference was seen in the interaction effect between measurement time for psychological well-being and different training groups(P<0.05). The 8-time intervention group had obviously higher psychological well-being at T2 than the control group(P<0.05), while the 1-time intervention group had no such difference from control group at T2 and T3(P<0.05).③Interaction effect was significant between measurement time for total score of psychological capital and different training groups(P<0.05). The scores of psychological capital were significantly higher in the 8-time intervention group than the control group at T2 and T3(P<0.01, P<0.05), and in the 1-time intervention group than the control group only at T2(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological capital training could effectively increase recruits’ positive psychological resources and improve well-being during assembly training. The 8-times group intervention has better effects than the 1-time group intervention, and can last longer.