2018-2020年儿科病房呼吸道感染患儿病原菌分布及药敏分析

Analysis on the Pathogen Distribution and Drug Sensitivity of Children with Respiratory Tract Infection in Pediatric Wards From 2018 to 2020

目的:探究及观察2018-2020年儿科病房呼吸道感染患儿病原菌分布及药敏情况。方法:采用随机抽样法分别选取2018、2019、2020年佳木斯市中心医院儿科病房的80例呼吸道感染患儿,检测其病原菌分布及药敏情况。结果:2018年的80例患儿共检出病原菌82株,2019年的80例患儿检出病原菌83株,2020年的80例患儿检出病原菌85株。2018-2020年主要感染的革兰阴性菌为克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌,主要感染的革兰阳性菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌。2018-2020年每年患儿感染革兰阴性菌占比均高于革兰阳性菌,其中2020年患儿感染革兰阴性菌占比最高(75.29%)。2018-2020年主要革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林及头孢呋辛的耐药率较高,对氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星的耐药率较低。2018-2020年主要革兰阳性菌对青霉素、红霉素及克拉霉素的耐药率较高。结论:2018-2020年儿科病房呼吸道感染患儿病原菌主要以革兰阴性菌为主,且其检出率呈现升高的趋势,而其主要病原菌对常见药物的耐药率较高,药敏试验可作为治疗用药的重要参考依据。

Objective: To investigate and observe the pathogen distribution and drug sensitivity situation of children with respiratory tract infection in Pediatric Ward from 2018 to 2020. Method: Eighty children with respiratory tract infection in the pediatric ward of Jiamusi Central Hospital in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were selected respectively by random sampling method to detect the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity.Result: A total of 82 strains of pathogens were detected in 80 children in 2018, 83 strains were detected in 80 children in 2019, and 85 strains were detected in 80 children in 2020. From 2018 to 2020, Gram-negative bacteria were mainly infected with Klebsiella and Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive bacteria were mainly infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The proportion of children infected with Gram-negative bacteria was higher than Gram-positive bacteria in each year from 2018 to 2020, and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in children infected with Gram-negative bacteria in 2020 was the highest(75.29%). From 2018 to 2020, the resistance rates of major Gram-negative bacteria to Ampicillin, Cefazolin and Cefuroxime were high, while the resistance rates to Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin were low. From 2018 to 2020, the resistance rates of major Gram-positive bacteria to Penicillin, Erythromycin and Clarithromycin were high. Conclusion: From 2018 to 2020, Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria in pediatric ward children with respiratory tract infection, and the detection rate show an increasing trend, while the main pathogenic bacteria have a high drug resistance rate to common drugs. Drug sensitivity test can be used as an important reference for therapeutic drugs.