宣慰、恩赏与救助:国民党军队的抚恤制度沿革(1925—1937)

Condolence,Bounty and Relief:The Reform of the Pension System of the KMT’s Army,1925-1937

1925年国民革命军正式北伐后,战争中的伤残军人抚恤问题凸显。为了实现对革命军人的体恤,彰显与旧式军阀的不同,国民党军队在战争中积极完善抚恤体系、筹措抚恤经费、改进抚恤方法,极力实现对不同伤残程度军人和阵亡者遗属的及时抚恤。但是频繁战争造成受恤人数居高不下,同时动荡的政治环境、困窘的经济状况、稀缺的社会服务以及效率低下的政府服务部门,制约了新制度的效果。这从一个侧面体现出近代社会保障制度发展的曲折和艰难。

During the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army in 1925,the problem of pension for disabled soldiers in the war was highlighted.In order to realize the compassion for soldiers,the KMT army actively improved the pension system,raised pension funds and improved pension methods,and tried to realize the pension for soldiers with different degrees of disability and the survivors of war victims.However,a large number of wars have led to a sharp increase in the number of pensioners.Political unrest,the lack of economic and social conditions and inefficient government service departments have restricted the effect of the new system,which on the other hand reflects the difficulties in the development of the modern social security system.