试论抗战胜利后“战前存款”的纠纷与调处(1945—1947)

The Dilemma of National Government Law Enforcement and Legislation in the Background of Inflation:An Investigation Centered on the "Pre-war Deposit" Disputes

全面抗战爆发后,国统区经济陷入恶性通货膨胀的循环,导致战后发生了存户与银行之间关于到期"战前存款"如何兑付的债务纠纷。"战前存款"纠纷不仅直接牵涉存户与银行的切身利益,也考验着战后国民政府的社会治理能力。在处理纠纷过程中,国民政府在司法、行政、立法方面协调失当,政策互相抵牾,不仅影响了清偿条例的时效,也损害了法令的权威。国民政府缺乏从根源上解决通货膨胀的能力,在处理"战前存款"纠纷问题时陷入执法与立法纠葛的困境,实际上规避了自身应负的责任,也引起存户与银行双方的不满。

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Jappan,the economy of the Kuomintang Districtfell into a cycle of hyperinflation.After the war,a debt dispute between depositors and banks with deposits due,that is"pre-war deposit"dispute.Among them,the"prewar deposit"dispute not only directly concerns the immediate interests of depositors and banks,but also tests the post-war national government’s social governance capabilities.In the process of dealing with disputes,the national government’s mis-coordination in the judicial,administrative and legislative aspects,and the policy of mutual resistance,not only affected the statute of limitations,but also damaged the authority of the decree.The national government lacked the ability to solve inflation from the root causes,and was caught in the dilemma of law enforcement and legislation in dealing with the problem of"pre-war deposit"dispute.In fact,it evaded its own social responsibility,which ultimately lead to the"pre-war deposit"dispute can’t be properly resolved.