论张謇的日本观

On Zhang Jian’s Views on Japan

张謇作为中国近代历史上致力于国强民富的重要人物,受急剧变化的国内外形势影响,形成了具有自身特点的日本观。张謇依据参与"壬午之役"的实践经验,洞察日本的侵略野心;秉承家国情怀,关注甲午战争,力主以战定和;愤慨于屈辱条约,提出做好战争防备、发展实业、增强国力的观点;还能够辩证地看待日本的侵略行径和经济发展的长处,在学习日本发展所长和借款上表现出清醒的认识。在近代中日关系演变的宏阔历史进程中,以时间为经线串联起张謇的对日活动,以近代日本观为纬线连缀起诸多时人的对日主张,可以形成经纬交织的近代日本观图景。从纵横的对比中考察张謇的日本观,可见其具有较强的针对性、预见性和务实性,不仅在思想上认识到位,更是在实践上着力推行,从而对近代历史进程产生了较为深刻的影响。

As an important figure in the modern history of China,Zhang Jian is committed to strengthening the country and the people.Influenced by the rapidly changing domestic and foreign situations,Zhang Jian has formed his own special views of Japan.Zhang Jian gained insights into Japan’s aggressive ambitions based on his practical experience in participating in"Soldiers Rebellion of Im Ou";upholding the feelings of family and country,he paid attention to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and advocated peace through battle;indignant at the humiliation treaty,he proposed to prepare for war,develop industry and strengthen national power.He also can make comments on Japan’s aggressive behavior and economic development in a dialectical way.He showed a clear understanding of Japan’s development and borrowing.In the magnificent historical process of the evolution of modern Sino-Japanese relations,Zhang Jian’s activities toward Japan were connected with time as the meridian.Many people’s opinions on Japan were connected with modern Japanese views as the latitude.The two aspects form a modern Japanese view of interwoven latitude and longitude.This paper shows strong pertinence,foresight and pragmatism by examining Zhang Jian’s views of Japan from the vertical and horizontal level.It not only recognizes the position in thought,but also puts it into practice in practice,which has a profound impact on the process of modern history.