运动训练与竞赛对培养学生竞争意识的作用研究

Research on the Role of Sports Training and Competition Activities on the Cultivation of Students’Consciousness

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、专家问卷法和数理统计法等方法,对运动训练与竞赛活动对学生竞争意识培养的作用进行了研究。研究构建了包括竞争目标性、竞争自觉性、竞争与合作、抗挫折能力、自我实现、对竞争总体态度等6个一级指标;19个二级指标的大学生竞争意识测量表。对120名大学生与毕业后在职场的职业人进行了问卷调查。研究结果显示:①体育运动训练与竞赛对培养学生形成良好竞争意识作用明显,尤其在培养学生的团队合作精神、坚忍不拔吃苦耐劳、遵守社会规则、社会人际交往能力以及抗挫折能力方面具有显著的正向效应。②大学期间的训练与竞赛经历对学生走向社会后的工作与生活将产生久远的影响。在体育竞赛活动中形成的品质、心理素质会在一定程度迁移到个人日后的工作与生活之中。③职业人的竞争意识水平明显高于在校学生的水平,竞争意识的形成是受多种因素(环境、工作生活场景、现实际遇等)的影响,而且竞争意识水平不是一成不变,而是动态变化过程中。建议当下高校在高度关注学生身体素质、体质健康问题的同时,要重视课外体育运动训练与竞赛工作,开展多种多样的体育竞赛活动,让不同体育基础、运动水平的学生都有机会参与运动竞赛活动,让学生从竞赛活动的成功与失败中体验竞争,学会竞争,形成良好的竞争意识。

This article uses the literature method,expert interview method,expert questionnaire method to study the effect of Sports Training and competition activities on the cultivation of students’competition consciousness.Constructed a questionnaire of college students’competition consciousness,which included 6 first-class indexes such as competition goal,competition consciousness,competition and cooperation,anti-frustration ability,self-realization and general attitude to competition,and 19 second-class indexes.The results show that:①sports training and competition play an important role in training students to form a good sense of competition,especially in cultivating students’Team Spirit,perseverance,hard work,compliance with social rules,social People skills,and resilience had a significant positive effect.②the training and competition experience during the university period will have a long-term impact on the work and life of the students after they enter society.To some extent,the quality and psychological quality formed in sports competitions will be transferred to the work and life of individuals in the future.③the level of competition consciousness of the professional is obviously higher than that of the students in the school.The formation of competition consciousness is influenced by many factors(environment,working life scene,actual situation,etc.),and the level of competition consciousness is not invariable.it is a dynamic process.It is suggested that while paying close attention to students’physical quality and health problems,colleges and universities should pay attention to extra-curricular sports training and competition,and carry out various sports competition activities,let the students of different Sports Foundation and sports levels have the opportunity to participate in the sports competition activities,let the students experience the competition from the success and failure of the competition activities,learn to compete and form a good sense of competition.