广东水稻病虫害专业化统防统治的成效与启示

Achievement and Enlightenment in Specialized Unified Control of Rice Pests and Diseases in Guangdong

总结广东水稻病虫害专业化统防统治经验,为进一步推广病虫害统防统治服务提供指导。分析总结“县域供销服务平台+乡镇供销服务站”的区域属地化管理、选聘“村助理”直接对接农户、“属地飞手”的模式及智能高效农业社会化服务示范推广机制和推广应用效果。专业化统防统治对病虫害的防治效果显著提高,经分析对比,2017-2020年统防统治田块对稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、三化螟、纹枯病和稻瘟病的防治效果比农民自防分别提高6.40%~9.35%、2.4%~11.4%、3.5%~17.1%、6.8%~17.1%、1.1%~4.5%,增产增收作用明显。参与农作物病虫害专业化统防统治服务的水稻可增产减损750 kg/hm2以上。广东病虫害专业化统防统治取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益,打造了全省统防统治社会化服务“台山模式”和“台山样板”,形成了可复制的技术模式。减少了农药用量,减轻了农业面源污染,促进了农村环境增绿。

This article sums up the experience of specialized and unified control of rice diseases and insect pests in Guangdong,providing guidance for further promotion of unified control of diseases and insect pests.Analyzes and summarizes the regional localized management model of“county supply and marketing service platform+township supply and marketing service station”,and the model of selection and recruitment of“village assistants”and“territorial flier”who directly connect with farmers,and the demonstration and promotion mechanism and application effect of intelligent and efficient agricultural socialization services.Results showed that the efficacies of unified control on rice leaf roller,rice planthopper,rice stem borer,sheath blight and rice blast from 2017 to 2020 were 6.40%~9.35%,2.4%~11.4%,3.5%~17.1%,6.8%~17.1%,1.1%~4.5%higher than that of farmers’self-control,respectively.Unified control of diseases and insect pests could increase rice yield more than 750 kg/hm2,showing obvious yield and income increasing effect.The specialized and unified control of diseases and insect pests in Guangdong has achieved significant economic,social and ecological benefits.It created the“Taishan Model”and,a replicable technical model which could reduce pesticide usage and agricultural non-point source pollution,and promote environmental greening.