嫁接对番茄连作土壤环境及土壤酶活性消减的影响

Effects of Grafting on Soil Environment and Soil Enzyme Activity Reduction under Tomato Continuous Cropping

连作障碍是我国番茄集约化生产的瓶颈,为了探索适宜连作的栽培模式,试验以易感青枯病番茄品种‘梅赛德斯’实生苗及以抗病品种‘爱好’为砧木,‘梅赛德斯’为接穗的嫁接苗为试材,通过分析检测连作3年下根际土壤养分和土壤酶活性指标的变化,结合土传病害发生情况,分析嫁接对番茄连作障碍下土壤环境消减的影响。结果表明:连作3年内,嫁接苗青枯病的发病率都极显著低于实生苗,说明嫁接苗较实生苗极显著降低了土传病害发生率;嫁接有利于缓解番茄根际土壤中碱解氮含量的升高及连作导致的土壤酸化问题;同时,嫁接有利于缓解番茄根际土壤多酚氧化酶活性、尿酶活性和蔗糖酶活性的下降;另外,连作对嫁接苗种植土壤有机质含量的影响相对不显著,而实生苗在连作1年后显著降低了土壤有机质含量;嫁接对番茄速效钾、有效磷含量的影响无明显规律性。综上所述,嫁接对改善番茄根际土壤化学性质和土壤酶活性有积极作用。

Continuous cropping obstacle restricts tomato intensive production in China.An experiment was carried out to explore the suitable cultivation mode for tomato continuous cropping.Using grafted seedlings(‘Hobby’/‘Mercedes’)and seedlings‘Mercedes’as test materials,the effect of grafting on soil environmental degradation under the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping was studied by detecting and analyzing rhizosphere soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity indicators and occurrence of soil-borne diseases under continuous cropping for 3 years.The results showed that the incidence of bacterial wilt disease in grafted seedlings was significantly lower than that in seedlings under continuous cropping for 3 years,indicating that grafted seedlings can significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases compared with seedlings;grafting is beneficial to alleviate the increase of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in tomato rhizosphere soil and the soil acidification caused by continuous cropping;while grafting can help to alleviate the decline of polyphenol oxidase activity,urease activity and sucrase activity in tomato rhizosphere soil;grafted seedlings has no significant effect on soil organic matter content,while seedlings can significantly reduce soil organic matter content after 1 year of continuous cropping;the effect of grafting on the contents of available potassium and available phosphorus in tomato has no obvious regularity.In conclusion,grafting can positively improve the chemical properties and enzyme activities of tomato rhizosphere soil.