拉康女性“主体”的符号现象学维度:“形式直观”中的身体性

The Semio-Phenomenological Dimension of Lacan’s Female“Subject”:Physicality in“Formal Intuition”

拉康精神分析在阐明主体之形成的过程中蕴含着符号现象学的维度。在将菲勒斯视为女性和男性主体形成之关键性的符号指征的同时,拉康主体理论自身也在现象学的某些重要问题上做出了选择,只是这种选择还未完全进入其理论建构的环节当中。从表面上看,拉康精神分析借鉴了黑格尔和胡塞尔有关主体间关系的理论,它试图通过这一理论说明主体形成过程中的性别认同问题。但是在实际的分析当中,其理论包含有身体性的存在,即具有胡塞尔所排斥的心理主义的倾向。事实上,在一门以所谓的心理主义为基本特征的学科当中完全摒弃心理主义绝非易事,因此拉康的这种矛盾性也就获得了进一步探讨的价值。本文从另一位现象学家--皮尔斯入手,通过比较拉康与皮尔斯在符号现象学问题上相近及相异的方面来揭示精神分析当中意识与意义之间关系的另外一种可能。在与皮尔斯现象学的对照之下,拉康性别理论当中的身体维度在进一步彰显的同时,也促使我们质疑拉康意义上女性主体在突破“大他者”之阉割时的优越性以及拉康所指明的女性主义的未来。

Lacan’s psychoanalysis has a semio-phenomenological dimension in the process of clarifying the formation of the subject.While taking the phallus as the key symbol for the formation of female and male subject,Lacan’s theory of the subject makes choices on some important issues of phenomenology but these choices are sometimes obscure in its theoretical construction.On the surface,Lacan’s psychoanalysis draws lessons on intersubjective relations from Hegel and Husserl,through which it tries to explain the problem of gender identity in the process of subject formation.In practical analysis,however,Lacan’s theory maintains the presence of“physicality”,reflecting the tendency of“psychologism”rejected by Husserl.The departure from Husserl is worth discussing because,as a matter of fact,it is not easy to completely abandon psychologism,despite this abandonment being a basic disciplinary feature of phenomenology.This paper produces a new way of studying this issue.It first turns to another phenomenologist,Peirce,for an exploration of another possible aspect of the relationship between consciousness and meaning in psychoanalysis by comparing the similarities and differences between Lacan and Peirce in semio-phenomenological issues.Placed in contrast with Peirce’s phenomenology,the bodily dimension in Lacan’s gender theory is brought forward,which also prompts us to question the superiority of the female subject in Lacan’s sense of breaking through the castration of the‘big Other’and the future of feminism as indicated by Lacan.