天津小站稻种植区土壤质量综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality in Xiaozhan Rice Planting Area of Tianjin

为了解天津小站稻种植区土壤养分水平与肥力状况,本次调查分析了稻田土壤pH、盐分、有机质、速效量和全量氮磷钾、铜锰硫等中微量元素共24项指标,通过主成分分析法对土壤质量进行综合评价。结果表明:研究区土壤pH介于7.80~8.95,平均盐分含量为1.6 g/kg,有机质、全氮与碱解氮含量属于中下水平,钾素含量丰富而磷素缺乏,中微量元素铜、锰、硫含量比较丰富;铜、硫、锌等与土壤速效钾及脲酶活性呈显著正相关,锰与酶活性和土壤速效养分呈显著负相关;利用最小数据集方法筛选得到有机质、速效钾、盐分等11个主要评价指标组成最小数据集,与全量数据集具有显著相关性。综合评价结果显示,处于Ⅰ等级和Ⅱ等级质量水平的土壤面积占研究区面积的55.14%,有机质、全钾及有效铜含量丰富,土壤质量综合评价结果较优,建议对土壤增加盐碱改良措施并补施磷肥。本研究可为提高小站稻耕作区土壤质量提供重要理论依据,助力天津市小站稻振兴战略。

In order to understand soil nutrients and fertility of Tianjin Xiaozhan rice planting area,this study analyzed 24 indicators of paddy soil such as pH,salinity,organic matter,total N,P and K,available nutrients(N,P,K,Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,Ni,B,Mo,Si,Se,F,S)etc.,and then evaluated comprehensively soil quality based on PCA(principal component analysis).The results showed that pH was 7.80–8.95;salt was meanly 1.6 g/kg;organic matter,total and alkali-hydrolyzated N were below the average level;K was rich but P deficient;Cu,Mn and S were abundant;Cu,S and Zn were positively correlated with available K and enzyme activities,but Mn was negatively correlated with other available nutrients and enzyme activities;the minimum data set,which including 11 main evaluation indicators such as organic matter,available K and salinity etc.,was significantly correlated with the full data set.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that 55.14%of the soil area was in the gradeⅠandⅡof soil quality,in which,organic matter,total K and available Cu were rich,soil quality were better,and it was suggested to improve saline soil and apply P fertilizer.The research results can provide important theoretical basis for improving soil quality of this study area,and promote the strategy of revitalization of the Tianjin Xiaozhan rice.