金佛山方竹和毛金竹单个繁殖体的种群扩散效应

Population Dispersal Effect of Single Propagule of Chimonobambusa utilis and Phyllostachys nigra var.henonis

竹类植物种群扩散效应是生态学界关注的热点之一。本文在黔中地区,采用单一繁殖体同地种植方法,持续10年观察了金佛山方竹和毛金竹的种群扩散效应,对比了二者的差异性。结果表明,随着栽植时间的增长,2个竹种的繁殖生长呈现如下变化:1)年出笋日数及出笋最远距离逐年增加,毛金竹的相应值较高,竹种间出笋日数的年分布曲线差异极显著;2)年出笋量、竹笋平均地径及最大地径逐年增加,竹笋密度呈“快速增加一快速降低一平缓稳定”变化态势,除金佛山方竹的竹笋密度较高外、毛金竹的其他指标较高,竹种间出笋量及竹笋密度的年分布曲线差异极显著;3)年新竹数量、平均地径、竹高及胸径处节间长度、以及竹鞭粗度和竹秆基部第1节环竹根数量值逐年增加,成竹率呈“缓慢降低—平缓稳定”变化态势,新竹密度呈“快速增加一快速降低一平缓稳定”变化态势,除金佛山方竹的新竹密度较高外,毛金竹的其他指标较高,竹种间成竹率差异显著、胸径处节间长度及竹秆基部第1节环竹根数量值差异极显著,新竹数量及密度、平均高度及胸径处节间长度、成竹率及竹秆基部根数量的年分布曲线差异极显著;4)平均竹笋质量和出笋时间的负相关极显著,相应值的种间差异显著,毛金竹平均竹笋质量较高。总体而言,毛金竹的种群扩散效应优于金佛山方竹。

The diffusion effect of bamboo population is one of the hot topics in ecology.This study plants single propagator in the same site in the central Guizhou Province to observe the population diffusion effect of Chimonobambusa utilis(CU)and Phyllostachys nigra var.henonis(PN)for 10 consecutive years,and compares the differences between the 2 bamboo species.The results show that the propagation and growth of the 2 bamboo species show the following changes over time:1)Annual shoot quantity and the farthest distances of bamboo shooting have increased year by year,and the corresponding value of PN is higher.Annual distribution curves of shooting days differ significantly among PN and CU;2)Annual shoot quantity,and average ground diameter and maximum ground diameter of bamboo shoots have increased year by year,and the bamboo shoot density presents a trend of"rapid increase-rapid decrease-keeping stable".Except that the bamboo shoot density of CU and other indicators of PN are higher,the annual distribution curves of shoot quantities and shoot densities are significantly different among PN and CU;3)The quantity,average ground diameters,culm height and inter-node lengths at DBH(INLDBH),as well as bamboo rhizome diameter and root quantity between the soil surface and the basal first ring(RQSSBFR)of new bamboos have increased year by year.Annual bamboo formation rates show a trend of"slowly decline-keep stable",and new bamboo densities follow the trend of"rapid increase-rapid decrease-keep stable".Except that the density of CU and other indicators of PN for new bamboo are higher,There are significant differences in bamboo formation rates,INLDBH and RQSSBFR among CU and PN,and significant differences in annual distribution curves of quantities and densities,average heights,INLDBH,as well as bamboo formation rates and RQSSBFR of these new bamboos;and 4)Negative correlation is extremely significant between average shoot weights and shoot emergence time,and the corresponding values are significantly different among PN and CU,and PN has better shoot quality.In general,the population diffusion effect of PN is better than that of CU.