错误出生之诉特殊抚养费赔偿规则研究——基于65例生效裁判文书的实证分析

Research on Special Maintenance Compensation Rules for Wrongful Birth Claims:An Empirical Analysis Based on 65 Valid Judgments

特殊抚养费系错误出生之诉中父母寻求救济的主要项目之一,司法实践中对特殊抚养费是否应赔以及赔偿标准、原因力大小、赔偿类目、赔偿期限如何确定的问题莫衷一是。结合侵权法理论以及公共价值导向来看,支持特殊抚养费赔偿在法理和伦理上均具有合理性。在实证基础上对实践和理论经验进行总结,提出特殊抚养费的计算应以现行人身损害赔偿标准为主要参考,可通过医疗过失的严重程度对原因力进行分级量化,未来费用的赔偿在经过充分理由后可获得支持,计算期限以孩子年满18周岁为止。

Special maintenance fee is one of major items in the relief seeking of parents in the wrongful birth claims. In judicial practice, there is no consensus on whether the special maintenance fee should be compensated and how to determine the compensation standard, the causative potency, the category of compensation and the compensation period. Combined with the theory of tort law and public value orientation, it is reasonable to support special maintenance compensation in legal and ethical aspects. On the basis of empirical analysis, the paper puts forward that the calculation of special maintenance fees should take existing personal damage compensation standards as major reference. The causative potency can be quantified by the severity of medical negligence. The compensation of future expenses can be supported with sufficient reasons, and the calculation period is up to 18 years old.