千秋伟业正风华:中国共产党民族语言文字政策百年演进历程

Great Achievements and Prosperity:The Development of the Ethnic Language Policy of the CPC over the Past One Hundred Years

民族语言文字政策是中国共产党一直奉行的“民族平等团结,民族区域自治与共同繁荣”的民族政策的重要组成部分。党始终践行“各民族都平等、自由地拥有使用和发展本民族语言文字的权利”。新时期,在习近平总书记提出的“中国梦”和“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”的思想指导下,党将民族语言文字政策实时地调整为:加快民族地区国家通用语言文字的推广和普及,强化“中华民族身份意识、身份认同,推进中华民族一体化和国家认同”,同时保障“各民族都平等、自由地拥有使用和发展本民族语言文字的权利”,构建起“一体多元”的国家语言格局,坚持“四个自信”以实现中华民族的伟大复兴。

Since the founding of the Party,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has attached great importance to developing an ethnic language strategy in China.Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has taken a long-term view and held a series of crucial discussions on the development of China s language undertakings from the strategic perspective of the great rejuvenation of the nation.This has shown us a way forward for,first,protecting and developing China s diverse ethnic language resources,second,spreading,inheriting,and promoting the“Excellent Chinese Language and Culture,”third,enhancing China s international image,and fourth,strengthening the“four confidences.”The ethnic language policy of the CPC has undergone a growth process from exploration to maturity and self-confidence,and we divide this process into the following four stages:i)The ethnic language policy during the period from the founding of the CPC to the founding of the People s Republic of China(1921-1949)-this is the exploration and formation time of the ethnic language approach of the CPC;ii)The ethnic language policy during the period from the founding of the People s Republic of China to the implementation of reform and opening up(1949-1977)-this is an era of development and improvement of the ethnic language policy of the CPC,bringing a first round of prosperity to the ethnic language affairs of China;iii)The ethnic language policy during the period from the implementation of reform and opening up to the end of the 20th century(1978-1999)-the ethnic language strategy of the CPC began to shift to a diversified model combining“production,study,and research,”creating a“second golden age”for the development of ethnic language affairs of China;iv)The ethnic language policy of the Communist Party of China in the new era(2000-present)-during this period,the ethnic language policy of the CPC introduced ideas and values like“protection,development and sharing”.Since the founding of the CPC,the Party has always regarded“all ethnic groups to have equal and free rights to use and develop their own spoken and written languages”as a vital part of the Party s ethnic policy of“ethnic equality and unity,ethnic regional autonomy,and common prosperity.”As the last hundred years have displayed continuous development and changes of the social language conditions in China,the CPC also has been constantly adjusting and improving its ethnic language governance,forming a set of ethnic language policies with Chinese characteristics.Facing current domestic and international changes,the CPC adjusted its present ethnic language blueprint as follows:promoting and popularizing the use of the commonly-used national language in ethnic areas,strengthening the consciousness and identity of the Chinese nation,and promoting the integration of the Chinese nation and its national identity,meanwhile,ensuring that“all ethnic groups have equal and free rights to use and develop their own spoken and written languages”so as to construct an“integrated diversified”national language spectrum.This new policy,mirroring the signs of the times,has laid a solid linguistic and cultural foundation for“forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation”and will create a new glory of China s ethnic language affairs for sure.