民族文化交流交融下的近代西康图书馆体系建设

The Construction of the Xikang Library System in Modern China in the Context of Ethnic Cultural Communication and Integration

西康地区位于川藏之间,地势险要,是汉、藏、彝等多民族融合地区。民国时期,近代意义的图书馆在西康地区得以建立。刘文辉作为主政西康多年的“西南王”,以发展教育的眼光来加强图书馆建设,建立并完善了由省立图书馆、县级图书馆和各级民教馆中的阅览室(图书室)共同构成的西康公共图书馆体系,对西康地区的图书馆事业发展作出了重要贡献。通过对刘文辉与民国时期西康地区图书馆事业发展实践关系的考察,既能丰富我们对刘文辉的研究,也能促进我们对民族地区图书馆事业发展的认识,有助于我们更好地认识西康地区的社会教育情况和更全面地了解民国时期图书馆事业的整体发展状况。

As a cultural and educational institution,the Xikang Library was an important platform for promoting exchange and integration between various ethnic cultures in modern time.The Xikang region is located between Sichuan and Tibet,covering many areas of Sichuan,Tibet,Qinghai,etc.Its terrain is particularly dangerous and it contains the narrow mountain pass that harbors the roads between Sichuan and Tibet,so its strategic position is quite important.Meanwhile,it is a place where Tibetan,Han,Yi,and other ethnicities have been meeting.Ethnic and religious issues were intertwined there,which made the governance of the Xikang area all the more tricky.Since its establishment,the public library in Xikang had been endowed with the important mission of spreading knowledge on the Han and Tibetan cultures,promoting communication and integration of ethnic cultures,opposing separatism,and preserving national unity.In addition,the library used books,newspapers,and pictures as a bridge to promote and tell the world about ethnic cultures,and played a positive role in conserving local culture,enlightening people,and promoting ethnic unity.During his reign in Xikang,Liu Wenhui attached great importance to education and cultural learning,which helped with the development of the library in Xikang.On the one hand,it helped with putting together an adequate staff the library,encouraging more Tibetan elites to consider working for the library and its further expansion.On the other hand,the library's collection had been enriched so that some progressive books and newspapers could be spread in the Xikang area,and people could get in touch with new ideas through reading in the library.Moreover,the further growth of the Xikang library during the period of the Republic of China laid a foundation for the later construction of cultural and educational institutions in Xikang:After the founding of the People's Republic of China,public education centers and libraries in the Xikang area were transformed into cultural centers and libraries of the new society.In other words,they became the foundations for new public libraries in the Xikang area in new China.Ethnic religious factors played an important role in the construction of public libraries in the modern Xikang region,which was a remarkable feature of the construction of the Xikang library.However,current academic research on the library in the Xikang area mostly focuses on the modern significance of the library and lacks understanding of and research on the libraries of the monasteries,i.e.an important place for local Tibetan people to receive an education.In fact,this is a field worthy of additional study when researching the history of the Xikang library.Strengthening research on the construction of the Xikang library system in modern times,especially the libraries of monasteries,will help us better understand local Tibetan culture and more comprehensively understand the important role of a library as a force for exchange and integration between the multiple ethnic civilizations in Xikang.