全球数字贸易规则博弈态势与焦点

The Game Situation and Focus of Global Digital Trade Rules

随着全球数字贸易的迅速发展,数字贸易规则谈判成为当前数字经济和国际贸易领域的热点问题。本文在梳理全球数字贸易规则演变过程的基础上,重点对WTO框架和APEC框架、“美式规则”和“欧式规则”、中国实践和亚太模式下的标志性数字贸易协定进行了探讨,以清晰呈现目前关键数字贸易规则的博弈态势,并从中总结提炼出全球数字贸易规则谈判中需要重点关注的博弈焦点,主要包括关税壁垒、非关税壁垒、消费者权益保护和数字贸易便利化,并对主要经济体在焦点中的立场和分歧进行了分析。最后,本文从积极参与规则谈判,努力形成“中式规则”、辩证对待核心议题,加快进行“中国实践”及充分发挥比较优势,兼顾安全与发展等方面提出应对数字贸易规则谈判的中国之策。

With the rapid development of digital trade,the negotiation of digital trade rules has become a hot issue in the current digital economy and international trade.Based on the evolution of international digital trade rules,the landmark digital trade agreements under the WTO framework and APEC framework,“American rules”and“European rules”,Asia-Pacific model and Chinese practices were discussed emphatically,is to clearly present the current game situation of key digital trade rules.The game focus that need to be focused on in the negotiation of digital trade rules mainly include tariff barriers,non-tariff barriers,consumer rights protection and digital trade facilitation.Then,the positions and differences of major economies on game focus were analyzed.Finally,China’s strategies for dealing with digital trade rules negotiations are put forward from three aspects:actively participating in rules negotiations,striving to form“Chinese-style rules”,dialectically treating core issues,accelerating“China practice”,and giving full play to comparative advantages,taking into account security and development.