出口企业更清洁吗?——基于微观企业数据的再考察

Are Exporters More Environmentally Friendly? New Evidences from China’s Firm-level Data

基于工业企业数据及环境统计数据,构建1998-2007年面板数据实证分析出口对企业二氧化硫排放强度的影响。回归结果显示:相较于非出口企业,出口企业二氧化硫排放强度较低;企业出口强度越高,二氧化硫排放强度越低。异质性分析发现:企业所属行业及企业所在地区差异均会对二氧化硫排放强度产生影响。具体表现为,污染密集型制造业行业中,出口企业比非出口企业更为清洁;相较于其他地区而言,东部地区企业出口对二氧化硫排放强度的降低幅度更为显著。在排除两控区环境规制因素对回归结果的影响,并且通过IV(2SLS)及倾向得分匹配-双重差分(PSM-DID)等方法处理内生性问题后,本文的回归结果依然稳健。机制分析表明:出口企业一方面通过提高新产品产值——R&D;另一方面通过提高全要素生产率,降低了企业的二氧化硫排放强度。此外,通过比较企业出口状态和出口强度的改变发现,出口企业二氧化硫排放强度低的主要驱动因素在于广延边际而非集约边际。

Based on the data of industrial enterprises and environmental statistics from 1998 to 2007,the panel data were constructed,and the impact of export on the SO_(2) emissions intensity was empirically analyzed.Compared with non-exporters,the SO_(2) emissions intensity of exporters is lower;the higher the export intensity of enterprises,the lower the SO_(2) emissions intensity.Enterprise’s export has a heterogeneity impact on SO_(2) emissions intensity for enterprises that are located in different regions or belonging to different industries.For the enterprises in pollution intensive manufacturing industries,the exporters are cleaner than non-exporters.The negative impact of enterprise’s export on SO_(2) emissions intensity in the eastern region is more significant than that in other regions.After excluding the influence of environmental regulation factors on the regression results,and through IV and PSM-DID methods to deal with endogenous problems,the regression results of this paper are still robust.The mechanism analysis shows that:on the one hand,export enterprises reduce SO_(2) emissions intensity by increasing the output value of new products-R&D,on the other hand,by improving total factor productivity.In addition,by comparing the change of export status(extensive margin)and the change of export intensity(intensive margin),it is found that the main driving factor of low SO_(2) emissions intensity of export enterprises lies in the extensive margin rather than the intensive margin.