孕期体力活动与母婴健康:历史、现状、展望

Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Maternal and Infant Health:History,Current Situation and Prospect

探讨孕期体力活动的历史脉络、研究现状,以期为我国孕期体力活动领域研究的发展提供借鉴和参考。方法:通过文献资料法、逻辑分析、归纳总结等研究方法梳理孕期体力活动的历史脉络,进一步分析、验证其对母婴健康效果以及对其存在的争议进行剖析。结果与结论:国内外关于孕期体力活动与母婴健康的研究,强度多为低、中强度,时间30~60min,频率3~5周/次,高强度体力活动研究较少。孕期进行适度的体力活动可以降低妊娠糖尿病、妊娠高血压、先兆子痫的风险;降低巨大儿出生率;不会增加早产风险;降低抑郁症发病率,孕期体力活动对分娩方式的影响以及高强度体力活动对母婴健康的影响需要进一步探究。

The historical context and research status of physical activity during pregnancy were discussed in order to provide reference for the development of physical activity during pregnancy in China.Methods:Through literature review,logical analysis,induction and summary,the historical context of physical activity during pregnancy was combed to further analyze and verify its effect on maternal and child health and analyze its disputes.Results and Conclusion:The studies on physical activity during pregnancy and maternal and infant health in China and abroad are mostly low and medium intensity,30–60 min,3–5 weeks/time,and there are few studies on high-intensity physical activity.Moderate physical activity during pregnancy can reduce the risks of gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Reduce the birth rate of macrosomia.Does not increase the risk of premature birth.Reducing the incidence of depression,the impact of physical activity during pregnancy on delivery mode and the impact of high-intensity physical activity on maternal and infant health need to be further explored.