哈思山地区药用植物资源及利用情况调查研究

Investigation of the resources and utilization of medicinal plants in the area of Hasi Mountain

目的调查哈思山区域内野生和栽培药用植物资源的种类和利用情况,为药用植物资源保护、可持续开发利用提供可靠依据。方法以省道为主干,乡村公路为支干,哈思山自然保护区为重点建立3条调查路线,沿路线对哈思山地区药用植物资源情况进行调查了解。结果本次调查共统计到野生药用植物316种,隶属59科202属,其中大型科仅有3个,共有植物99种,占总数的31.33%,以根及根茎和全草入药者居多。近年来野生药用植物资源保护较好,仅肉苁蓉和锁阳资源破坏比较严重。统计到栽培药用植物有49种,隶属18个科,以宁夏枸杞种植规模最大,其次为甘草和黄芪。除以生产药材为目的植物之外,部分栽培植物主要用途为食用、观赏等。该地区传统应用最为广泛的药材有艾叶、麻黄、青蒿等,药食两用的品种有枸杞、枣、梨、党参、黄芪等,并在传统生产和应用过程中形成了一些独特的生产技术和应用经验。结论该地区丰富的野生药用植物资源尚未转化为强劲的生产力,产量宏丰的栽培资源未得到充分的开发,尚处在提供原料药材的初级阶段。

Objective To investigate the species and utilization of wild and cultivated medicinal plant resources in Hasi mountain area and provide a reliable basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of medicinal plant resources.Methods Three investigation routes,in which provincial roads as the trunk,rural roads as the branch and Hasi Mountain Nature Reserve as the focus,are established to investigate and understand the medicinal plant resources in Hassan mountain area along the route.Results In this survey,there were 316 species of wild medicinal plants,belonging to 202 genera,59 families,including only 3 large families with 99 species,accounting for 31.33%of the total.The majority of plants used as medicine were kinds of roots,rhizomes and whole grass.In recent years,wild medicinal plant resources were well protected,only resources of Cistanche deserticola Ma.and Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.were seriously damaged.According to statistics,there were 49 species cultivated medicinal plants belonging to 18 families,among which Lycium barbarum L.had the largest planting scale,followed by G.uralensis.and A.membranaceus.In addition to the production of medicinal materials,some of the cultivated plants were mainly used for food,ornamental,etc.The most widely used traditional herbs in this area were Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Van.,Ephedra sinica Stapf.,Artemisia carvifolia,etc.,the varieties of dual-purpose for food and medicine are L.m barbarum L.,Ziziphus jujuba Mill.,Pgrus Ussuriensismaxim Furit.,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,A.membranaceus,etc.,and some unique production technology and application experience were formed in the traditional production and application process.Conclusion The rich resources of wild medicinal plants in this area have not yet been transformed into strong productivity,and the cultivated resources with abundant yield have not been fully developed,which is still in the primary stage of providing raw medicinal materials.