氢能工业现状、技术进展、挑战及前景

Industrial status,technological progress,challenges and prospects of hydrogen energy

在中国实现“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的要求下,作为一种可再生清洁高效二次能源,氢气能源得益于资源丰富、来源广泛、燃烧热值高、清洁无污染、利用形式多样、可作为储能介质及安全性好等优点,将成为助力能源、交通、石化等多个领域实现深度脱碳的现实途径,也将成为我国构建现代清洁能源体系重要的接替能源,加快氢能发展步伐已成为全球共识。为了给氢能相关产业加快发展和能源公司加速转型提供理论支持,并为构建“氢能中国”提供依据和参考,阐述了氢产业链中制备、储运、应用等重点环节主要关键技术进展,分析了氢能工业化现状与发展趋势,探讨了氢工业发展所面临的挑战,展望了氢能产业的发展与未来。综合研究认为:①我国的氢能技术将走向成熟并进入产业化之路,氢能工业全产业链体系正在逐步形成,将逐渐实现由灰氢、蓝氢到绿氢的跨越式发展;②加快推进制氢、储氢、运氢、氢燃料电池、加氢站及其他用氢场景等氢能全产业链整体发展,注重与油气工业深入融合协同,将有效推进氢气工业体系快速高质量发展;③推进和实施“北氢东输”“西氢东输”“海氢上岸”等重大工程,利用加油气站等基础设施,可以在产氢、加氢等产业链节点发挥油气公司的先天优势,实现“油、气、氢、电”四站合建应用,形成全国整体的氢能资源保障系统,加快谋划推进“氢能中国”战略。

Under the requirements of China's strategic goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",as a renewable,clean and efficient secondary energy source,hydrogen benefits from abundant resources,a wide variety of sources,a high combustion calorific value,clean and non-polluting,various forms of utilization,energy storage mediums and good security,etc.It will become a realistic way to help energy,transportation,petrochemical and other fields to achieve deep decarbonization,and will turn into an important replacement energy source for China to build a modern clean energy system.It is clear that accelerating the development of hydrogen energy has become a global consensus.In order to provide a theoretical support for the accelerated transformation of hydrogen-related industries and energy companies,and provide a basis and reference for the construction of"Hydrogen Energy China",this paper describes main key technological progresses in the hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage,transportation,and application.The status and development trends of hydrogen industrialization are analyzed,and then the challenges faced by the development of the hydrogen industry are discussed.At last,the development and future of the hydrogen industry are prospected.The following conclusions are achieved.(1)Hydrogen technologies of our country will become mature and enter the road of industrialization.The whole industry chain system of the hydrogen industry is gradually being formed,and will realize the leap-forward development from gray hydrogen,blue hydrogen to green hydrogen.(2)The overall development of the entire hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage and transportation,fuel cells,hydrogen refueling stations and other scenarios should be accelerated.Besides,in-depth integration and coordination with the oil and gas industry needs more attention,which will rapidly promote the high-quality development of the hydrogen industry system.(3)The promotion and implementation of major projects such as"north-east hydrogen transmission","west-east hydrogen transmission","sea hydrogen landing",and utilization of infrastructures such as gas filling stations,can give full play to the innate advantages of oil and gas companies in industrial chain nodes such as hydrogen production and refueling,etc.,which can help to achieve the application of"oil,gas,hydrogen,and electricity"four-station joint construction,form a nationwide hydrogen resource guarantee system,and accelerate the planning and promotion of the"Hydrogen Energy China"strategy.