海水制氢技术发展现状与展望

Development Status and Prospect of Hydrogen Generation from Seawater

目前工业化制氢原料基本来自于化石能源,碳达峰背景下,未来氢能利用需要寻求更为绿色便捷的来源和制取方式。以丰富的海水资源制备氢气,理论上极富前景。本文结合近年来国内外海水制氢的研发现状,分别总结了海水直接电解制氢和光解制氢的总体进展,并介绍了国内外海水淡化制氢的产业化开发情况,最后展望了海水制氢的未来发展前景。研究发现,海水直接制氢技术尚停留在技术研发与验证阶段,依然面临着很大挑战;海水间接制氢则仍需通过示范解决复杂生产流程中存在的问题。其未来发展取决于氢能发展对氢产量的需求、电力来源的成本和可行性以及技术可行性三个因素。未来氢能源如能实现广泛应用并带来氢需求规模的高度膨胀,且可再生能源并网供电及电力成本降低,海水制氢有可能迎来发展机遇。

The current industrial production of hydrogen basically comes from fossil energy.Under the background of carbon emissions peak,the utilization of hydrogen energy has to be greener and more convenient.The production of hydrogen from abundant seawater resources seems to be a promising way.This paper reviews the research and development status of hydrogen production from seawater in China and abroad in recent years,and summarizes the overall research progress of hydrogen production by direct electrolysis and photolysis of seawater respectively.Then,it introduces the industry development status of hydrogen production from desalinated seawater.Finally,the future development of hydrogen production from seawater is prospected.It is discovered that great challenges exist since direct hydrogen production of seawater is still in R&D and test stage.The hydrogen production from desalinated seawater need to resolve problems in complex process through industrial demonstration.The future of hydrogen production from seawater is based on hydrogen demand,electricity cost and technical feasibility.Under certain circumstances,hydrogen production from seawater may usher in development opportunities.