全球基因编辑技术专利布局与发展态势分析

Analysis on Patent Layout and Development Trend of Global Gene Editing Technology

近年来基因编辑技术得到快速发展,被广泛应用于合成生物学、代谢工程和医学研究等领域。本研究通过分析基因编辑技术相关专利文献,对基因编辑技术国际概况、主要研发机构、研发人员和团队及其研发合作关系、技术流向、技术主题、技术创新现状进行分析,揭示全球基因编辑技术专利布局与人才现状,分析基因编辑技术发展现状和趋势。研究发现,基因编辑技术自2016年后呈现快速发展趋势,其中CRISPR技术成为基因编辑技术研发的主要方向。基因编辑技术的优势研发机构主要集中在美国,从国内来看中国科学院、中国农业科学院等国家级科研机构处于研发前列,技术内容主要集中在植物、农场动物或水产养殖领域,对CRISPR等关键核心技术的系统改进较少。存在问题是,我国核心专利数量虽位于前列,但专利技术布局有待优化拓展,且具有实质性技术成果转化的专利较少。最后,基于分析结果对我国发展基因编辑技术提出建议,包括:需建立基础性、原创性、具有全球知识产权的基因编辑技术体系,推动技术格局优化调整,推进技术成果转化等。

In recent years,gene editing technology has developed rapidly and has been widely used in synthetic biology,metabolic engineering and medical research.This study,by analyzing the relevant patent documents of gene editing techniques,investigates the international situation,the main research and development institutions,research and development personnel and teams and their research and development cooperation status,technology flow,technical topics,and the present situation and problems of technology innovation of gene editing techniques.The global gene editing technology patent layout and the present condition of the talent,the development status and trend of gene editing techniques are revealed.It is found that gene editing technology has shown a rapid growth trend since 2016,among which CRISPR technology has become the main direction of gene editing technology research and development.The dominant research and development institutions of gene editing technology are mainly distributed in the United States.In China,national scientific research institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are in the forefront of research and development,and the technical content is mainly in the field of plants,farm animals or aquaculture.There are few systematic improvements in CRISPR and other key core technologies.The problem is that although the number of core patents in China is in the forefront,the distribution of patent technology needs to be optimized and expanded,and the number of patents with substantial transformation of technological achievements is small.Finally,based on the analysis results,suggestions are put forward for the development of gene editing technology in China,including to establish a basic,original gene editing technology system with global intellectual property rights,promote the optimization and adjustment of technology pattern,and promote the transformation of technological achievements.