基于信任机制的无线传感器网络可靠传输路由协议

Trust-based reliable transmission routing protocol for wireless sensor network

在无线传感器网络中,针对异常事件监测时会出现大量数据发送引起网络拥塞、数据包无法可靠传输的问题,提出一种基于信任机制的可靠传输路由协议(RTRPT)。该协议提出了梯度分簇模型以选取簇头节点。在无异常事件发生时,通过转发能量阈值找出传输数据的邻居节点,进行数据传输。同时对这些节点进行转发概率与历史信任度计算得到直接信任度,再通过这些节点交互间接评价得到间接信任度。将直接信任度、间接信任度、距离度量和剩余能量作为评价指标,量化后通过熵权法得到邻居节点的综合信任。在异常事件发生时,节点仅需选择综合信任度最大的邻居节点作为转发节点,建立路由路径。使用OMNeT++进行仿真验证,RTRPT与TSRP、ESRT相比,在传输大量数据包时节点丢包率分别降低69.4%、52.7%;节点传输延迟分别降低53.6%、34.8%;网络生命周期分别延长32.5%、15.7%。仿真结果表明,RTRPT能有效减少丢包、降低传输延迟、延长生命周期。

In wireless sensor networks,considering the problems of network congestion and unreliable transmission of data packets caused by large numbers of data transmission in monitoring abnormal events,this paper proposed a reliable transmission routing protocol(RTRPT)based on trust mechanism.The protocol proposed a gradient clustering model to select cluster head nodes.When no abnormal events occurred,the nodes identified the neighbor nodes for data transmission by forwarding energy threshold.At the same time,it calculated the forwarding probability and historical trust degree of these nodes to obtain the direct trust degree,and then obtained the indirect trust degree through the interactive indirect evaluation of these nodes.Then this protocol used direct trust degree,indirect trust degree,distance measurement and residual energy as evaluation indexes.After quantification,it obtained the comprehensive trust of neighbor nodes by the entropy weight method.When abnormal events occurred,the nodes only needed to select the neighbor nodes with the highest comprehensive trust as the forwarding node,then established the routing path.In the simulation environment,compared with TSRP and ESRT,RTRPT reduced the packet loss rate of nodes by 69.4% and 52.7% respectively.The node transmission delay reduced by 53.6% and 34.8% respectively.The network life cycle extended by 32.5% and 15.7% respectively.Simulation results show that RTRPT can effectively decrease packet loss,reduce transmission delay and prolong life cycle.