竞争与合作的学习环境对初中生非认知能力影响的实证研究--基于PISA 2018调查数据分析

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Competitive and Cooperative Learning Environment on Junior High School Students'Non-Cognitive Abilities--Based on PISA 2018 Survey Data

学习环境是影响学生发展的关键因素之一,改善学习环境是学校缓和竞争压力的重要手段。研究使用PISA 2018调查数据,基于社会认知理论和生态系统理论,采用多元线性回归和调节效应检验方法分析了学习环境的竞争度和合作度对初中生非认知能力的影响。研究发现:第一,相较于OECD国家,我国初中生对学习环境竞争度和合作度的感知更高,同时具有更高的追求成功的成就动机;第二,学习环境合作度能显著提高初中生的非认知能力,学习环境竞争度不利于初中生的心理健康发展,但能显著增强其追求成功的成就动机和生活意义感;第三,相较于具有单一竞争或合作特性的学习环境,竞争和合作并存的学习环境更能提高初中生的非认知能力;第四,班级规模越大,学习环境合作度对初中生非认知能力的正向影响越小。建议学校改革完善教师评价制度,将学生非认知能力的发展情况纳入教师评价体系;学校积极开展学生学习环境感知调查,建立学习环境监控常态化机制;教师营造合作为主兼顾竞争的学习环境,促进学生非认知能力的发展。

Learning environment is a key factor in student development and improving the learning environment is an important way for schools to ease students pressure of competition.This research is based on PISA 2018 survey data,social cognition theory and ecological system theory,and uses multiple linear regression and moderating effect analysis methods to analyze the impact of the competitive learning environment and cooperative learning environment on non-cognitive abilities of junior high school students.The results indicate that,firstly,compared with students in other OECD countries,Chinese students have a higher perception of the competitive and cooperative learning environment and show a higher motivation to pursue success.Secondly,a cooperative learning environment can improve students non-cognitive abilities significantly,while a competitive learning environment will reduce students’subjective well-being but improve their motivation to pursue success and the sense of life meaning significantly.Thirdly,the co-existence of competitive and cooperative learning environment has a significant positive moderating effect on students non-cognitive abilities.Fourthly,with the increase in class size,the positive impact of the cooperative environment on students’non-cognitive abilities decreases.In light of the results,three recommendations are proposed.To begin with,schools should reform and improve the teacher evaluation system and incorporate the development of students non-cognitive abilities into it.Moreover,schools should be obliged to carry out investigations on students perception of the learning environment and establish a normalized learning environment monitoring mechanism.Furthermore,teachers are suggested to create a cooperatively-led learning environment with competition supplemented to improve students non-cognitive abilities.