伊斯兰复古主义与现代化的调适与平衡——以印尼伊斯兰妇女组织为例

The Adjustment and Balance of Islamic Revivalism and Modernization:A Case Study of Islamic Women’s Organizations in Indonesia

伊斯兰复古主义实际上是现代穆斯林用伊斯兰遗产对现代化的一种回应形式。印尼伊斯兰教对现代化的回应兼具代表性和特殊性。其中,印尼伊斯兰妇女组织处于坚守伊斯兰教“本来精神”和融入现代化的关键轴枢,在融入现代化的潮流中,不可避免地与伊斯兰教的“本来精神”产生冲突。在社会生活中,印尼穆斯林妇女面临比男性更沉重的社会压力,因此成了伊斯兰意识形态表达的关键。她们如何管理包括“家庭”在内的社会生活内部空间,都被视为伊斯兰复兴的公共象征。受现代化与西方女性主义思潮的影响,印尼伊斯兰妇女组织在婚姻家庭领域与复古主义达成了较好平衡并取得了阶段性成果,但因自身规模、地位和认知等局限,在争取妇女政治与经济参与方面,难以与宗教非现代化观念直接抗衡,表现出一定的软弱性。单从伊斯兰妇女组织在宗教复古主义与现代化的平衡与调适方面的努力及取得的成效来看,其推动印尼性别平等主流化之路仍任重道远。

Islamic revivalism is actually a form of modern Muslim response to modernization with Islamic heritage.Indonesian Islam’s response to modernization is both representative and special.Among them,Indonesian Islamic women’s organizations are in the key axis of adhering to the“original spirit”of Islam and integrating into modernization,which inevitably conflicts with the“original spirit”of Islam in the trend of integrating into modernization.In social life,Indonesian Muslim women face heavier social pressure than men,so they have become the key to the expression of Islamic ideology.How they manage the inner space of social life,including the“family”,is seen as a public symbol of Islamic revival.Influenced by modernization and Western feminist ideology,Indonesian Islamic women’s organizations have achieved a good balance with revivalism in the field of marriage and family and achieved phased results.However,due to the limitations of their own size,status and cognition,they are difficult to directly compete with religious non-modernization concepts in seeking women’s political and economic participation,and showing a certain degree of weakness.Judging from the efforts and achievements of Islamic women’s organizations in the balance and adjustment of religious revivalism and modernization,there is still a long way to go to promote the mainstreaming of gender equality in Indonesia.