化肥减量配施有机肥对葡萄产量、品质及土壤质量的影响

Effect of combined chemical fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer on yield and quality of grape and soil quality

以5年生“巨峰”葡萄为试验材料,按照不同化肥减量比例配施有机肥,开展连续2年的田间试验,研究不同化肥减量配施有机肥对“巨峰”葡萄产量、品质及土壤质量的影响,以期获得最佳的化肥减量配施有机肥比例。结果表明:化肥减量配施有机肥各处理与单施化肥(CK)相比,不仅使葡萄产量和品质得到提高,还能有效减少土壤大量元素的累积,提高土壤有机质含量,疏松土壤,改善土壤结构,缓解土壤酸化;其中T2处理(有机肥15000 kg/hm^(2)+复合肥675 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾330 kg/hm^(2))表现最佳,其第2年相较于CK处理葡萄单果重、单穗重及产量均显著增加,分别增加15.90%、25.41%和33.68%,葡萄可溶性固形物、pH值、维生素C含量和固酸比分别提高了6.41%、2.16%、25.17%和19.98%,可滴定酸含量降低了11.32%。说明合理的化肥减量配施有机肥能改善土壤质量状况,实现葡萄产量和品质的提升。

Using 5-year-old‘Kyoho’grape as the test material,and applying organic fertilizers according to different proportions of chemical fertilizer reduction the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the grape yield,quality and soil quality were studied with two consecutive years of field experiment in order to obtain the best ratio of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer.The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizer(CK),the reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer improved grape yield and quality,but also effectively reduced the accumulation of large amounts of elements in the soil,increased soil organic matter content,improved soil structure and alleviate soil acidification.The T2 treatment was the best treatment,organic fertilizer 15000 kg/hm^(2)+compound fertilizer 675 kg/hm^(2)+potassium sulfate 330 kg/hm^(2).In the second year,compared with CK treatment,the single fruit weight,single ear weight and yield of T2 treatment increased significantly by 15.90%,25.41%and 33.68%,respectively.The soluble solid content,pH value,Vitami C content and solid acid ratio of T2 treatment increased by 6.41%,2.16%,25.17%and 19.98%,respectively,and the titratable acid content decreased by 11.32%.Based on the results,the reasonable reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could improve the soil quality and improve the yield and quality of grape.