新发展社会学的想象

The Imagination of New Sociology of Development

发展社会学的产生同发展与发展研究的出现密不可分。但目前,发展、发展研究和发展社会学在广义层面的含义并未形成广泛共识,而发展社会学的现实也是以狭义为实、广义为名。传统的发展社会学将发展与现代化等同,将第三世界国家作为研究对象,聚焦18世纪中期之后的现代化发展,以服务现代化进程为效用价值,形成了现代化理论、依附理论和世界体系理论。新发展社会学需要从狭义发展转向广义发展、从第三世界国家发展转向世界发展、从18世纪中期后的发展转向各历史阶段的发展、从“发展社会学”转向“发展的社会学”、从现代化的理论转向社会转型的理论。新发展社会学的学术研究和分析视野需要充分呈现历史性、反思性、关系性、行动者和替代性的视角。中国的发展社会学需要基于中国式现代化的实践沃土,努力构建新发展社会学的完整体系。

The birth of sociology of development was closely connected with the emergence of development and development studies.The terms such as“development,”“development studies,”and“sociology of development”have essential meanings in a narrow sense,but no consensus on the definition in a broad sense.Conventionally,sociology of development regarded modernization as development and the Third World countries as research targets.It focused on modernization after the mid18th century and aimed at serving modernization processes.The new sociology of development needs to turn from development in the narrow sense to development in the broad sense,from the development of the Third World countries to world development,from the development after the mid 18th century to the development in the entire history,from development sociology to sociology of development,from theories on modernization to theories on social transformation.The academic research and theoretical analyses of new sociology of development need to incorporate historical,critical,relational,actor-oriented,and alternative perspectives.