改革开放以来中国族际通婚变动的十大趋势

Ten Trends in Interethnic Marriage in China since the Reform and Opening-Up

族际通婚对于构建民族互嵌格局、铸牢中华民族共同体意识有重要意义。通过深入挖掘1982年以来历次全国人口普查和1%人口抽样调查数据资料,回顾和总结了改革开放40多年来中国族际通婚变动的十大趋势:一是族际通婚的普遍化,族际通婚的人口规模和比例均明显提升;二是族际通婚比例在各民族间的相对差异化;三是族际通婚圈进一步扩大,各族际通婚子圈相互交融;四是东北和西南地区的族际通婚程度相对较深;五是城镇化对族际通婚有积极影响;六是人口流动对族际通婚有促进作用;七是族际通婚人口性别比呈现梯级化差异;八是族际通婚人口中女性家庭地位不断提高;九是受教育程度与族际通婚比例呈正相关关系;十是族际通婚比例在职业类型上表现出分层化。

Interethnic marriage is of great significance to construct the pattern of ethnic embeddedness and create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.Through exploring the data of the national censuses and 1%population sample surveys since 1982,this paper summarizes ten major trends in interethnic marriage in China since the reform and opening-up:the universalization of interethnic marriage with a substantial increase of the population and proportion of interethnic marriage;the relative differentiation of interethnic marriage among ethnic groups;the expanding of interethnic marriage circle with the sub-circles blending with each other;the relatively deep degree of interethnic marriage in northeast and southwest areas;the positive impact of urbanization on interethnic marriage;the promotion of interethnic marriage by migration;the step-like sex ratio difference;the improvement of women’s family status;the positive correlation between education level and interethnic marriage;and the stratification of occupational types.