聚合氯化铝原位改性聚氨酯泡沫用于油水分离

Polyaluminum Chloride In-situ Modified Polyurethane Foam for Oil-Water Separation

含油废水的排放造成了严重的环境污染,其净化处理受到了广泛关注。本工作通过原位发泡制备了聚合氯化铝(PAC)改性的聚氨酯泡沫(PAC@PU),研究了其组成结构、表面性质及油水分离性能。所制备的PAC@PU显示出良好的疏水性(水接触角为(140±3)°)和优异的物理、化学稳定性。PAC@PU对泵油的吸收容量高达79.42 g·g^(-1),经200次吸收-挤压循环后吸收容量仍保持不变;对层状油水混合物的静态分离通量和动态分离通量分别为1.55×10^(6) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1)和3.3×10^(5) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1)。PAC@PU对水包油(O/W)乳液的分离效率高达86.7%,分离通量达到了3×10^(5) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1)。机理分析表明,PAC改善了PU的微观结构和表面能,使PU的疏水性增大,并增大了其对油滴吸附位点的捕获能力。因此,PAC@PU具有优异的乳液分离性能。

The discharge of oily wastewater has caused serious environmental pollution,and its purification treatment has attracted widespread attention.In this work,the polyurethane foam(PU)modified by polyaluminum chloride(PAC)(PAC@PU)was prepared via in-situ foaming process.The composition structure,surface properties and oil-water separation properties of the samples were studied.The obtained PAC@PU showed outstanding hydrophobicity(hydrophobic angle of(140±3)°)and excellent physical and chemical stability.The absorption capacity of PAC@PU for pump oil reached 79.42 g·g^(-1),which remained unchanged after 200 absorption-extrusion cycles.Moreover,the static separation flux and dynamic separation flux of the layered oil-water mixture were respectively 1.55×10^(6) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1) and 3.3×10^(5) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1) over PAC@PU.The separation efficiency of PAC@PU for oil-in-water(O/W)emulsions was as high as 86.7%and the separation flux reached 3×10^(5) L·m^(-3)·h^(-1).Mechanism analysis showed that PAC improved the hydrophobicity and surface energy of PU,and enriched the adsorption sites of PU,thereby optimizing the ability of PU to capture the oil droplet in O/W emulsions.Overall,PAC@PU exhibits excellent emulsion separation performance.