不同类型传统村落文化景观脆弱性及其差异性分析——基于河南省微观调查数据

Study on Cultural Landscape Vulnerability and Its Differences of Different Types of Traditional Villages:Based on Micro-Survey Data in Henan Province

脆弱性分析框架为传统村落保护研究提供了一个新的视角。基于“压力-状态-响应”模型构建传统村落文化景观脆弱性评价指标体系,以河南省42个传统村落为研究对象,采用TOPSIS法评估传统村落文化景观脆弱程度,并运用方差分析法比较不同类型传统村落文化景观脆弱性的差异。研究表明:(1)河南省传统村落文化景观整体处于中度脆弱水平,结构上呈现中间大、两头小的纺锤形,脆弱性的固化特征较为明显。(2)相较于压力和状态,响应对传统村落文化景观脆弱性的影响更为显著,是文化景观最关键的致脆因素。(3)不同类型传统村落文化景观脆弱程度各异:就地形地貌而言,平原型村落脆弱性高于山地型和丘陵型;不同发展路径下传统村落文化景观脆弱性梯级分化明显,生活服务型村落脆弱性最高,休闲农业型和旅游发展型次之,传统技艺型最低;地域文化基因对文化景观延续有重要影响,黄淮文化区传统村落脆弱性最高,河洛文化区最低。

The vulnerability analysis framework provides a new perspective for the traditional village research.Taking 42 traditional villages in Henan province as examples,the paper constructed the evaluation index system for the cultural landscape vulnerability of traditional villages based on the PSR model.The TOPSIS method was used to assess the cultural landscape vulnerability of traditional villages,and the ANOVA method was used to explore the vulnerability differences of different types of traditional villages.The results are as follows.(1)The cultural landscape vulnerability of traditional villages in Henan province is at a medium level as a whole,showing a spindle shape,and the solidification characteristics of vulnerability are obvious.(2)Compared with the pressure and state,the response has more significant impact on the cultural landscape vulnerability of traditional villages.(3)In terms of the topography and geomorphology,the vulnerability of plain type traditional villages is significantly higher than that of mountain type and hilly type.Different development paths have obvious effects on the cultural landscape vulnerability,and the vulnerability of life service-oriented villages is the highest.The regional cultural gene has an important impact on the continuation of cultural landscape.The vulnerability of traditional villages in Huanghuai cultural area is the highest,and that of Heluo cultural area is the lowest.