农业文化遗产申报对土地覆盖与生态系统服务潜力的影响——贵州从江侗乡稻鱼鸭系统的研究

Effects of Agricultural Heritage Declaration on Land Cover and Ecosystem Services Potential:A Study of Dong's Rice Fish Duck System,China

位于贵州省从江县的侗乡稻鱼鸭系统自2011年起成为“全球重要农业文化遗产”(GIAHS),它在极大地改变了当地土地利用状况的同时,还对该县的扶贫工作有重要作用。本研究分析了从江县2000—2020年GIAHS申报前后10年的土地覆盖变化(LUCC)特征,并对其生态系统服务(ES)潜力进行了评价。结果表明:从江县在成为GIAHS前(2000—2010年)土地覆盖变化微弱,而在接下来的10年里(2010—2020年)则发生了快速变化,变化集中在森林转为耕地、湿地和耕地转为人造地表。土地覆盖变化也导致了当地ES潜力的下降,特别是调节服务和支持服务,这种负面变化在遗产地的非核心区更为严重。本文明确了土地覆盖变化的重点区域以及在GIAHS助力扶贫的机理研究中需要重点关注的ES类型,并对ES的内部机制研究进行了展望。

Congjiang county holds the advantage of being recognized as a globally important agricultural heritage system(GIAHS),which has played an important role in the poverty alleviation and also left its mark on the land use cover change(LUCC).In this study,the authors analyzed the impact of land cover change on the ecosystem service(ES)potential in Congjiang county from 2000 to 2020 by combining LUCC with the ES value assessment.The results showed that the change of land cover in Congjiang county was weak before the successful application of GIAHS(2000—2010),but sharp change after the successful application(2010—2020),mainly from the forest to the cultivated land and from the wetland and cultivated land to the artificial land.The potential of ES showed a downward trend,and the decrease of regulating services and supporting services was the most significant.The change of core conservation area was weaker than that of non-core area.This paper clarifies the key regions of LUCC and ES types that need to be focused on for the mechanism research on the GIAHS helping poverty alleviation,and looks forward to exploring the internal mechanism of ES.