基于FDS的中庭式教学楼火灾数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Fire in Atrium Teaching Building Based on FDS

中庭式教学楼由于其结构特点和特殊性质,一旦发生火灾,可能造成较大人员伤亡和财产损失。根据火灾烟气理论,分别选取不同火源位置、火源功率和自然排烟口状态的4种火灾场景,运用FDS软件对中庭式教学楼底层火灾烟气的温度、能见度和CO_(2)体积分数进行数值模拟实验。通过对比分析各参数随时间变化的规律,研究火灾烟气对人员疏散的影响。研究结果表明:火源位于中庭旁边电梯前的走廊处时,在44.2s达到危险状态;火源位于一层监控保卫室内时,在56.1s达到危险状态;自然排烟口全部关闭时,在49.8s达到危险状态。中庭式教学楼小范围火灾中,火源位置是影响最大的变量,最先达到危险状态的因素是能见度。该研究可为高校中庭式教学楼的消防管理提供参考。

Due to its structural characteristics and special properties,the atrium teaching building may cause large casualties and property losses in case of fire.According to the theory of the fire smoke,in this paper,four fire scenarios with different fire source location,fire source power and natural smoke exhaust outlet state were given to conduct numerical simulation on the temperature,visibility and CO_(2) volume fraction in an atrium teaching building using FDS software.By comparing and analyzing the changing rules of each parameter with time,the influence of fire smoke on the occupant evacuation was studied.The results show that when the fire source is located in the corridor in front of the elevator next to the atrium,it reaches the dangerous state in 44.2s;that when the fire source is located in the monitoring and security room on the first floor,it reaches the dangerous state in 56.1s;and that when the natural smoke exhausts are all closed,it reaches the dangerous state in 49.8s.In the small-scale fire of atrium teaching building,the location of fire source is the most influential variable and the factor that reaches the dangerous state first is visibility.It can provide a reference for the fire safety management of atrium teaching building in colleges and universities.