朱光潜与亚里士多德的悲剧作用机制之比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Tragic Mechanism of Zhu Guang-qian and Aristotle

通过比较分析法,对朱光潜和亚里士多德的悲剧理论中关于作用机制的部分进行细致研究,从三个阶段阐释其异同、特点。首先,在悲剧机制的前期准备阶段都采用“距离化”的手段,但在人物塑造、语言运用上存在着差别;对悲剧感成分的分析中都包含“怜悯”“恐惧”,但朱光潜加入了“崇高”;其次,在悲剧机制的中期生发阶段都承认悲剧的震荡心灵的作用,但亚里士多德将其归结为情绪的“净化”,朱光潜归结为“本能能量”的宣泄;最后,在悲剧机制的后期余波阶段两者虽在不同时期,从不同角度做了不同的解释,但在底层逻辑上都承认有道德影响而无道德目的的悲剧功用观。

Through the method of comparative analysis,this article conducts a detailed study of the mechanism of action in the tragedy theory of Zhu Guang-qian and Aristotle,and explains the similarities,differences,and characteristics from three stages.First of all,in the preparatory stage of the tragedy mechanism:"distance"methods are used,but there are differences in characterization,plot arrangement,and language use;the analysis of the elements of the tragedy includes"compassion"and"fear".But Zhu Guang-qian joined the"sublime".Secondly,in the mid-term germination stage of the tragedy mechanism:they all recognize the role of tragedy in shaking the soul,but Aristotle attributed it to the"purification"of emotions,and Zhu Guang-qian attributed it to the catharsis of"instinctive energy".Finally,in the later aftermath stage of the tragedy mechanism:Although the two have made different interpretations from different angles at different times,they both recognize the tragic function view of moral influence but no moral purpose in the underlying logic.