基于方言传承的农村幼儿普通话语音学习研究——以闽西客家方言地区为例

The Negative Transfer Effect of Hakka Dialect in Western Fujian on Rural Children’s Putonghua Phonetic Learning Research and its Countermeasures

幼儿阶段是语音发展的敏感期,也是幼儿发展普通话语音的关键时期,却也是普通话发音受方言影响较大的时期。以120名大班幼儿为调查研究对象,采用调查法、访谈法、行动研究法进行研究,针对闽西客家方言对农村幼儿普通话声母、韵母、声调三个方面存在的负迁移现象,采取行动研究并到逐步改善。深入分析发现,幼儿园、家庭、社会三大环境是造成这种现象的客观因素。为了避免负迁移影响,既需要提高教师普通话水平和普通话语音教学能力,开展普通话、方言语音教学,也需要家长要有意识地拓展幼儿的生活空间和语言环境,最关键的,是构建一个既能让幼儿传承地道客家方言,又能满足幼儿学会标准普通话发音的多元语。

The preschool stage is the sensitive period of phonetic development,which is the key period for children to develop Putonghua pronunciation,but it is also the period when Putonghua pronunciation is greatly affected by dialects.120 children from large class were taken as the research objects,and the investigation method,interview method and action research method were adopted to carry out the research.It was found that there were negative transfer phenomena of Hakka dialect in western Fujian to rural children’s Mandarin initials,finals and tones,but these negative transfer phenomena were gradually improved in the process of action research.Deep analysis found that kindergarten,family,society three environment is the objective factors that cause this phenomenon.In order to avoid the negative transfer,both need to improve the level of mandarin teachers and mandarin phonetic teaching ability,strengthen the preschool in putonghua teaching and dialect phonetics teaching,parents also need to consciously expand children’s living space and the language environment,the most critical,should start from the policy level,construct a can let the children pass tunnel hometown dialect and traditional culture,It can also meet the multi-lingual environment for children to learn standard Putonghua pronunciation.