2000-2018年喀什地区人类活动强度时空变化特征及影响因素分析

The Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Changes in the Intensity of Human Activities in Kashgar Area from 2000 to 2018

人类活动强度的定量化与可视化是衡量和评价人类对生态环境作用的重要基础。基于土地利用数据,从总体变化、时空分异特征、空间自相关性等方面对喀什地区2000—2018年人类活动强度进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)喀什地区人类活动强度2000年为4.82%,2018年达5.67%,前期和后期增长较为平缓,中期2005—2015年增长迅速;(2)各县(市)之间人类活动强度差异较大且呈扩大趋势,2000年最高和最低的县(市)人类活动强度相差15.92%,到2018年差距达20%;(3)人类活动强度空间分布整体上呈现北高南低,东北高西南低的分布特点,高值区和次高值区不断扩大;大部分地区增长不明显,总体格局趋于稳定;(4)人类活动强度具有显著的空间集聚特征,人类活动强度变化的热点主要集中在喀什市及周边地区、东北部的叶尔羌河流域附近以及图木舒克市等;(5)喀什地区人类活动强度及其变化是自然环境因素和社会经济因素共同作用的结果,人口密度起主导作用。

The quantification and visualization of the intensity of human activities is an important basis for measuring and evaluating the effects of human activities on the ecological environment.The intensity of human activities in Kashgar from 2000 to 2018 was investigated and analyzed in terms of overall change,temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and spatial autocorrelation based on data of land use in the paper.The results indicated that(1)the intensity of human activities in Kashgar in 2000 was 4.82%,and it reached 5.67%in 2018,the dynamics of the growth presented a gentle in the early and late stages,but rapid in the middle stage(2005-2015);that(2)there was great difference in the intensity of human activities among counties(cities)and the difference took an tendency of increasing,more specifically,the difference between the highest and lowest levels of human activity was 15.92%in 2000,however,it reached 20%by 2018;that(3)in spatial distribution,the human activity intensity showed the characteristics of high in the north and low in the south,high in the northeast and low in the southwest in overall,areas of high intensity and sub-high intensity continued to expand,but increase of human activity was not obvious in most areas and tended to be stable;that(4)the intensity of human activities was of significant spatial agglomeration,the change hot spots of it were mainly concentrated in Kashgar and its surrounding areas,near the Yarkant River Basin in the northeast,and Tumshuk City,etc.;that(5)intensity of human activities and its change in Kashgar were the result of the combination of the natural environment,social economy,and the population density was the dominated factor of it.