清代直隶口外地区乡村聚落空间格局演变及主控因子分析--以青龙县为例

Analysis of the Evolution of Spatial Pattern and Main Controlling Factors of Rural Settlements North of the Great Wall in Zhili Province of Qing Dynasty--A Case Study of Qinglong County

直隶口外地区是清代乡村聚落变化最激烈的地区之一,经历了从无到有再到兴盛的过程,村落的形成与发展标志着直隶口外地区由游牧社会向农耕社会的巨大转变。在县志和地名志等资料的基础上,运用GIS空间分析法和二元Logistic回归模型分析清代青龙县乡村聚落空间格局演变过程和演化的驱动力。其演化过程主要经历了骤然增长的“双轴”时期、快速增长的“双轴+多核”时期和缓慢增长的相对均衡时期三个阶段。回归模型结果表明乡村聚落分布呈现出低海拔、低坡度、近河流、远冷口、远主道路的指向,人口和海拔是影响乡村聚落空间格局演变的主控因子。

The district north of the Great Wall in Zhili province was one of the most drastically changed areas for rural settlements in the Qing Dynasty.It experienced a process from nothing to something and then flourishing.The formation of villages was an identifiable symbol of the transition of society from a nomadic to a farming style.On the basis of the literature or document from the county chronicles and gazetteer,the geographic information system(GIS)and binary logistic regression model were applied to analyze the evolution process of the spatial distribution and its driving power for rural settlements in Qinglong County in the Qing Dynasty.The results revealed that the evolution process mainly experienced three stages,namely,the"dual axis"period of sudden growth,the"dual axis+multi-core"period of rapid growth and the relatively balanced period of slow growth.The regression model indicated that the distribution of rural settlements concentrated in place of low altitude,low slope,near rivers,far from cold mouths and far from main roads;population and altitude were the principal controlling factors affecting the evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlements.