县域金融可得性与数字普惠金融--基于新型金融机构视角

Rural Financial Access and Digital Financial Inclusion:Evidence from New Types of Financial Institutions

随着金融科技迅速发展,准确把握传统金融与数字普惠金融之间的关系显得尤为重要。本文采用文本挖掘法,首次手动整理2014—2019年中国2742个县的村镇银行、小额贷款公司和农村资金互助社等三类新型金融机构数据,并据此分析以新型金融机构为代表的县域金融可得性与数字普惠金融发展之间的关系。研究发现,县域金融可得性与数字普惠金融发展的“互补效应”强于“协同效应”,整体上表现出显著的“互补效应”,即县域金融可得性越低越有利于数字普惠金融发展。分维度来看,县域金融可得性越低越有利于拓展数字普惠金融的覆盖广度和使用深度,且整体的“互补效应”主要体现在小额贷款公司这类机构。进一步地,在数字创新水平较高、金融监管强度较大的县以及东部区域内,二者之间的“互补效应”更强于“协同效应”。本文为新时期在县域层面继续推动数字普惠金融发展和乡村振兴战略实施提供了有益的理论依据和政策启示。

With the rapid development of fintech,it is particularly important to deal with the relationship between traditional finance and digital financial inclusion.By using text mining technique,we manually collect the data of new types of rural financial institutions including rural banks,microfinance companies,and rural mutual cooperatives from 2742 counties in China over the period from 2014 to 2019 for the first time and analyze the relationship between rural financial access,represented by new types of rural financial institutions,and development of digital financial inclusion.The results show that their relationship is characterized by the complementary effect rather than the synergistic effect,and they are complementary to each other in general.Thus,lower rural financial access means better development of digital financial inclusion.As for the digital financial inclusion,lower rural financial access is good to the development of its coverage breadth and usage depth,and this effect is mainly reflected in microfinance companies.Further,the complementary effect is much stronger than the synergistic effect in counties with a relatively high level of digital innovation and more stringent banking regulation as well as counties located in the eastern region.This paper provides theoretical basis and policy suggestions for promoting digital financial inclusion and implementing rural revitalization strategy at the county level in the new era.